Localized strain characterization of cardiomyopathy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy using novel 4D kinematic analysis of cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Background: Cardiomyopathy (CMP) is the most common cause of mortality in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), though the age of onset and clinical progression vary. We applied a novel 4D (3D + time) strain analysis method using cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging data to determine if localized strain metrics derived from 4D image analysis would be sensitive and specific for characterizing DMD CMP.

Methods: We analyzed short-axis cine CMR image stacks from 43 DMD patients (median age: 12.

Quantification of murine myocardial infarct size using 2-D and 4-D high-frequency ultrasound.

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, Canada, and worldwide. Severe disease is characterized by coronary artery occlusion, loss of blood flow to the myocardium, and necrosis of tissue, with subsequent remodeling of the heart wall, including fibrotic scarring. The current study aims to demonstrate the efficacy of quantitating infarct size via two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiographic akinetic length and four-dimensional (4-D) echocardiographic infarct volume and surface area as in vivo analysis techniques.