Persistent immune activation and inflammation in HIV-infection are linked to excess cardiovascular risk and other non-communicable diseases. Periodic asymptomatic CMV-reactivity in HIV infected patients over a lifetime may contribute to non-AIDS defining morbidity. Despite undetectable levels of HIV and CMV, these patients continue to have increased levels of biomarkers and immune activations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The Arrhythmia-Specific Questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia (ASTA) was developed in Sweden using English which may pose cultural and language barriers for Indonesian patients. As such, we aimed to translate the original ASTA into Indonesian, then assess its validity and reliability.
Methods: Translation of the ASTA from English to Indonesian was done using forward and backward translation.
Unlabelled: A 27-year-old primiparous woman with 28 weeks gestational age was admitted to our hospital with worsening shortness of breath. She was diagnosed with Ebstein's anomaly three years ago, but preferred to be left untreated. The patient was not cyanotic and her vital signs were stable.
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