Molecular mechanisms of lidocaine.

Lidocaine is an amide-class local anesthetic used clinically to inhibit pain sensations. Systemic administration of lidocaine has antinociceptive, antiarrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic effects. Lidocaine exerts these effects under both acute and chronic pain conditions and acute respiratory distress syndrome through mechanisms that can be independent of its primary mechanism of action, sodium channel inhibition.

Systemic lidocaine administration influences NF-kβ gene expression, NF-kβ and TNF- α protein levels on BALB/c mice with musculoskeletal injury.

Background: The immune system can produce various inflammatory mediators to protect the body from stress and surgical trauma. However, this excessive inflammatory response will interfere with the body's immune system, causing systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multi-organ failure if allowed to continue. Lidocaine as an anti-inflammatory is used to treat surgical pain and pain arising from the disease process and treat ventricular arrhythmias.

Establishing cleft services in developing countries: Complications of cleft lip and palate surgery in rural areas of Indonesia.

Background: Cleft treatment is frequently performed in Indonesia, mostly in charity missions, but without a postoperative protocol it is difficult to establish the risks and complications of cleft treatment. The present study was designed to give an overview of current cleft lip and palate treatment strategies in Indonesia and to assess the complication rates during and after surgery.

Methods: This prospective study evaluated anesthetic, intraoperative surgical, and short-term postoperative complications in patients undergoing primary, secondary, or corrective surgery for cleft lip and palate deformities.