Vasorelaxant effect of water fraction of and its mechanisms in spontaneously hypertensive rats aortic ring preparation.

Introduction: has been reported to possess activities including antioxidant, anti-aging and anti-cancer but there is no report on its vasorelaxant effects.

Objective: This study aims to fractionate water extract of , identify the compound(s) involved and elucidate the possible mechanism(s) of its vasorelaxant effects.

Methods: Water extract of was subjected to liquid-liquid extraction to obtain ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fractions.

Formulation optimization of a palm-based nanoemulsion system containing levodopa.

Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to investigate the influence of the main emulsion composition; mixture of palm and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil (6%-12% w/w), lecithin (1%-3% w/w), and Cremophor EL (0.5%-1.5% w/w) as well as the preparation method; addition rate (2-20 mL/min), on the physicochemical properties of palm-based nanoemulsions.