Design and implementation of optics for the experiment for cryogenic large-aperture intensity mapping (EXCLAIM).

This work describes the design and implementation of optics for EXCLAIM, the EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping. EXCLAIM is a balloon-borne telescope that will measure integrated line emission from carbon monoxide at redshifts z < 1 and ionized carbon ([CII]) at redshifts z = 2.5 - 3.

The Scope of Practice of Applied Behavior Analysis in State Licensure Laws.

The scope of applied behavior analysis has historically been defined by behavior analytic publications like Baer et al., , , 91, (1968). However, starting in 2009, state legislators began creating licensure laws for behavior analysts that formalized the scope of practice for applied behavior analysis (ABA) within the applicable states.

An Abdominal Seat Belt Sign is Associated With Similar Incidence of Hollow Viscus Injury but Increased In-Hospital Mortality in Older Adult Trauma Patients: A PCSA Multicenter Study.

Background: The abdominal seat belt sign (SBS) is associated with an increased risk of hollow viscus injury (HVI). Older age is associated with worse outcomes in trauma patients. Thus, older trauma patients ≥65 years of age (OTPs) may be at an increased risk of HVI with abdominal SBS.

Increased Selectivity in Photolytic Activation of Nanoassemblies Compared to Thermal Activation in On-Surface Ullmann Coupling.

On-surface synthesis is a powerful method that has emerged recently to fabricate a large variety of atomically precise nanomaterials on surfaces based on polymerization. It is very successful for thermally activated reactions within the framework of heterogeneous catalysis. As a result, it often lacks selectivity.

Development and Validation of a Novel Hollow Viscus Injury Prediction Score for Abdominal Seatbelt Sign: A Pacific Coast Surgical Association Multicenter Study.

Background: High-quality CT can exclude hollow viscus injury (HVI) in patients with abdominal seatbelt sign (SBS) but performs poorly at identifying HVI. Delay in diagnosis of HVI has significant consequences necessitating timely identification.

Study Design: This multicenter, prospective observational study conducted at 9 trauma centers between August 2020 and October 2021 included adult trauma patients with abdominal SBS who underwent abdominal CT before surgery.

Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis Compliance in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit.

Introduction: Early initiation of venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis (VTEp) decreases VTE risk in trauma patients in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU). The frequency and variation of VTEp interruption by different surgical subspecialties in the SICU is incompletely described in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine VTEp compliance in the SICU in terms of uninterrupted VTEp following initiation, both by surgical service and time of year, to identify opportunities for improvement.

Excluding Hollow Viscus Injury for Abdominal Seat Belt Sign Using Computed Tomography.

Importance: Abdominal seat belt sign (SBS) has historically entailed admission and observation because of the diagnostic limitations of computed tomography (CT) imaging and high rates of hollow viscus injury (HVI). Recent single-institution, observational studies have questioned the utility of this practice.

Objective: To evaluate whether a negative CT scan can safely predict the absence of HVI in the setting of an abdominal SBS.

Superfluid liquid helium control for the primordial inflation polarization explorer balloon payload.

The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a stratospheric balloon payload to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background. Twin telescopes mounted within an open-aperture bucket dewar couple the sky to bolometric detector arrays. We reduce detector loading and photon noise by cooling the entire optical chain to 1.

Hypoglycemia in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Glycemic control is an important aspect of critical care because derangements are associated with morbidity and mortality. Patients at highest risk for hypoglycemia in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) are incompletely described by existing literature. Our objective was to delineate this high-risk patient population in our SICU.

Association of Body Mass Index on Injuries and Outcomes After Ground-Level Falls.

Background: The impact of body mass index (BMI) on trauma severity after ground-level falls (GLF) is currently unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations between BMI, injuries, and outcomes after GLF.

Study Design: All patients ≥16 years of age injured by GLF were queried from the TQIP database (2013-2017).

Anti-reflection coated vacuum window for the Primordial Inflation Polarization ExploreR (PIPER) balloon-borne instrument.

Measuring the faint polarization signal of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) not only requires high optical throughput and instrument sensitivity but also control over systematic effects. Polarimetric cameras or receivers used in this setting often employ dielectric vacuum windows, filters, or lenses to appropriately prepare light for detection by cooled sensor arrays. These elements in the optical chain are typically designed to minimize reflective losses and hence improve sensitivity while minimizing potential imaging artifacts such as glint and ghosting.

Characterizing Blunt Cerebrovascular Injuries and Stroke: A Single Center Retrospective Study.

Objective: To highlight the occurrence of ischemic stroke after blunt cerebrovascular injuries and discuss the neurologist's role in preventing and managing ischemic strokes in this trauma population.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed and included data from 2016 to 2019 from a Level I trauma center. Demographics, injury mechanism, ischemic stroke occurrence, interventions, and neurology consultations were examined and descriptive statistics were utilized to characterize the nature of ischemic strokes and their management.

Selective Nonoperative Management of Abdominal Shotgun Wounds.

Background: Selective nonoperative management (SNOM) of abdominal gunshot wounds (GSWs) has not been specifically examined after shotgun injuries. Because of the unpredictable nature of shotgun pellets, it is unclear if SNOM after shotgun wounds is safe. The study objective was to examine outcomes after SNOM for shotgun wounds to the abdomen.

Sub-Kelvin cooling for two kilopixel bolometer arrays in the PIPER receiver.

The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a balloon-borne telescope mission to search for inflationary gravitational waves from the early universe. PIPER employs two 32 × 40 arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensors, which operate at 100 mK. An open bucket Dewar of liquid helium maintains the receiver and telescope optics at 1.

The why and how our trauma patients die: A prospective Multicenter Western Trauma Association study.

Background: Historically, hemorrhage has been attributed as the leading cause (40%) of early death. However, a rigorous, real-time classification of the cause of death (COD) has not been performed. This study sought to prospectively adjudicate and classify COD to determine the epidemiology of trauma mortality.

Variable-delay polarization modulators for cryogenic millimeter-wave applications.

We describe the design, construction, and initial validation of the variable-delay polarization modulator (VPM) designed for the PIPER cosmic microwave background polarimeter. The VPM modulates between linear and circular polarization by introducing a variable phase delay between orthogonal linear polarizations. Each VPM has a diameter of 39 cm and is engineered to operate in a cryogenic environment (1.

Evidence of galaxy cluster motions with the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect.

Using high-resolution microwave sky maps made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, we for the first time present strong evidence for motions of galaxy clusters and groups via microwave background temperature distortions due to the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. Galaxy clusters are identified by their constituent luminous galaxies observed by the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III. We measure the mean pairwise momentum of clusters, with a probability of the signal being due to random errors of 0.

Evidence for dark energy from the cosmic microwave background alone using the Atacama Cosmology Telescope lensing measurements.

For the first time, measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) alone favor cosmologies with w = -1 dark energy over models without dark energy at a 3.2-sigma level. We demonstrate this by combining the CMB lensing deflection power spectrum from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope with temperature and polarization power spectra from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe.

Detection of the power spectrum of cosmic microwave background lensing by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope.

We report the first detection of the gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background through a measurement of the four-point correlation function in the temperature maps made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. We verify our detection by calculating the levels of potential contaminants and performing a number of null tests. The resulting convergence power spectrum at 2° angular scales measures the amplitude of matter density fluctuations on comoving length scales of around 100 Mpc at redshifts around 0.

Evaluation of the skin sensitizing potential of biodegradable magnesium alloys.

Corroding metals made of magnesium alloys represent a new class of degradable implants for musculoskeletal surgery. These implants may be associated with skin sensitizing reactions because of the release of metal ions. This study was conducted to compare the sensitizing potential of four different magnesium alloys (AZ31, AZ91, WE43, and LAE442) to current implant materials such as titanium (TiAl6V4) and a degradable polymer (SR-PLA96).

Optical design of the atacama cosmology telescope and the millimeter bolometric array camera.

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope is a 6 m telescope designed to map the cosmic microwave background simultaneously at 145, 215, and 280 GHz with arcminute resolution. Each frequency will have a 32 by 32 element focal plane array of transition edge sensor bolometers. The telescope and the cold reimaging optics are optimized for millimeter-wave observations with these sensitive detectors.