Recent insights into egg quality and larval vitality of the European eel Anguilla anguilla.

To date, the eel industry still depends on wild-caught juveniles that are grown to marketable size. There is an urgent need to close the eel life cycle in captivity to make aquaculture independent of the natural population. With this artificial reproduction protocol, yolk-sac larvae can be produced but egg quality may be impaired.

The induction of oocyte maturation and ovulation in the European eel (): and comparison of progesterone with 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one.

Ovulation in European eel is induced by injection of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) as the maturation-inducing hormone (MIH). Female eels need to ovulate within 18 h after injection to release good quality eggs. Progesterone (P), as an upstream precursor of DHP, may promote endogenous DHP production and improve egg quality.

What Goes Wrong during Early Development of Artificially Reproduced European Eel ? Clues from the Larval Transcriptome and Gene Expression Patterns.

In eels, large variations in larval mortality exist, which would impede the viable production of juvenile glass eels in captivity. The transcriptome of European eel larvae was investigated to identify physiological pathways and genes that show differential regulation between non-viable vs. viable larvae.

A review on the applications of virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality in surgical simulation: an extension to different kinds of surgery.

: Research proves that the apprenticeship model, which is the gold standard for training surgical residents, is obsolete. For that reason, there is a continuing effort toward the development of high-fidelity surgical simulators to replace the apprenticeship model. Applying Virtual Reality Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) in surgical simulators increases the fidelity, level of immersion and overall experience of these simulators.

First Observation of a Spontaneously Matured Female European Eel (Anguilla anguilla).

This study reports on the first observation of a spontaneously matured female European eel. The 43-year-old eel, together with eleven other females, resided at an aquarium house since their capture in 2002 and stocking as glass eels in 1978. In June 2019, the girth of the belly of the female increased as a sign of oocyte maturation.

Author Correction: Rapid de novo assembly of the European eel genome from nanopore sequencing reads.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

A mechanistic model for studying the initiation of anguillid vitellogenesis by comparing the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and the shortfinned eel (A. australis).

An inverse relation exists between the maturation stage at the start of the oceanic reproductive migration and the migration distance to the spawning grounds for the various eel species. The European eel Anguilla anguilla migrates up to 5-6000 km and leaves in a previtellogenic state. The shortfinned eel A.

Rapid de novo assembly of the European eel genome from nanopore sequencing reads.

We have sequenced the genome of the endangered European eel using the MinION by Oxford Nanopore, and assembled these data using a novel algorithm specifically designed for large eukaryotic genomes. For this 860 Mbp genome, the entire computational process takes two days on a single CPU. The resulting genome assembly significantly improves on a previous draft based on short reads only, both in terms of contiguity (N50 1.

Vaccination induced antibodies to recombinant avian influenza A virus M2 protein or synthetic M2e peptide do not bind to the M2 protein on the virus or virus infected cells.

Background: Influenza viruses are characterized by their highly variable surface proteins HA and NA. The third surface protein M2 is a nearly invariant protein in all Influenza A strains. Despite extensive studies in other animal models, this study is the first to describe the use of recombinant M2 protein and a peptide coding for the extracellular part of the M2 protein (M2e) to vaccinate poultry.

Early morbidity encountered in the dietary-related mouse model of Barrett's esophagus: a question of zinc?

Recently, a mouse model for Barrett's esophagus based on a zinc-deficient diet supplemented with deoxycholic bile acids has been published. The aim of this study was to attempt to reproduce these data and extend them by employing genetically modified mice and intraperitoneal iron supplementation. The study design encompassed six experimental groups (wild type, Apc-mutant and Smad4-mutant mice, with or without iron injections), with all animals fed with the zinc-deficient diet supplemented with deoxycholic bile acids.

Effect of Eimeria acervulina infection history on the immune response and transmission in broilers.

Heterogeneity in exposure to Eimeria spp. of chickens in a flock will result in differences between individual birds in oocyst output and acquired immunity, which subsequently affects transmission of the parasite in the population. The aim of this study was to quantify effects of previous infection of broilers with Eimeria acervulina on immune responses, oocyst output and transmission.

Effect of organically and conventionally produced diets on jejunal gene expression in chickens.

Using a nutrigenomics approach we studied the response of second-generation chickens at a transcriptional level to organically grown feed ingredients compared with conventionally grown feed ingredients. Both diets consisted of the same amounts of ingredients, the only difference was the production method. Gene expression was analysed in jejuni using whole genome chicken cDNA arrays.

Host response to simultaneous infections with Eimeria acervulina, maxima and tenella: a cumulation of single responses.

It is well known that broilers may be infected by different Eimeria strains at the same time and that different species infect specific parts of the gut. Cell mediated responses play a major role in the immune response in broilers after infection with Eimeria species. The cell mediated responses could be intestinal site specific and if this site specific cell mediated responses differ when other parts of the intestine are infected is unknown.

Trauma, stress, and preconscious threat processing in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.

Purpose: Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) have long been considered as paroxysmal dissociative symptoms characterized by an alteration of attentional functions caused by severe stress or trauma. Although interpersonal trauma is common in PNES, the proposed relation between trauma and attentional functions remains under explored. We examined the attentional processing of social threat in PNES in relation to interpersonal trauma and acute psychological stress.

A serpin in the cellulosome of the anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp. strain E2.

A gene encoding a novel component of the cellulolytic complex (cellulosome) of the anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp. strain E2 was identified. The encoded 538 amino acid protein, named celpin, consists of a signal peptide, a positively charged domain of unknown function followed by two fungal dockerins, typical for components of the extracellular fungal cellulosome.

Psychological treatment of patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: an outcome study.

Introduction: It is estimated that up to 25% of patients referred to specialised epilepsy centers suffer from psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). The prognosis is unfavourable and there are no generally accepted treatment protocols.

Method: In this study, the effect of an uncontrolled, prospective inpatient treatment program for PNES patients is evaluated.

Immune responses to an Eimeria acervulina infection in different broilers lines.

The (T-cell) immune responses of two different broiler lines to a primary Eimeria acervulina infection were investigated. The lines used were a commercial fast-growing broiler line and a slow-growing type of broiler as used in organic farming. Seven-day-old broilers of both lines were infected with 5 x 10(4) oocysts of E.

Interictal depression, anxiety, personality traits, and psychological dissociation in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and extra-TLE.

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the relation between symptoms of interictal depression, anxiety, personality traits, and psychological dissociation with the localization and lateralization of the epileptogenic zone in patients with partial epilepsy.

Methods: All patients were diagnosed according to the localization-related concept of the 1989 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes, and the localization and lateralization of the epileptogenic zone was established by using the clinical criteria for noninvasive presurgical evaluation. This resulted in 67 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 64 patients with extra-TLE.

Immune responses in Eimeria acervulina infected one-day-old broilers compared to amount of Eimeria in the duodenum, measured by real-time PCR.

T-cell responses are supposed to be the major immune reactions in broilers infected with Eimeria. The nature of such T-cell responses is influenced by the species of Eimeria involved, age of the host, amount of parasites and the preceding infection history. In young chicks the intestine is still developing in length while the lymphocyte populations in the gut develop and differentiate.

Psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy.

Many studies on psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy have been performed using many different patient groups and diagnostic instruments. This methodological heterogeneity complicates comparison of the findings. In this article, psychiatric disorders in epilepsy are reviewed from the perspective of the DSM classification system.

Psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory.

Purpose: The psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory (WPSI) were investigated.

Methods: The dimensional structure, reliability, and validity of the WPSI scales were assessed in 218 patients with epilepsy. The association with relevant patient and epilepsy characteristics also was studied.

Personality disorder traits in patients with epilepsy.

Objective And Methods: The Questionnaire on Personality Traits (VKP: Vragenlijst voor Kenmerken van de Persoonlijkheid) was used to investigate personality disorder (PD) traits in 203 patients with epilepsy and a control group of 332 subjects from the general population. Furthermore, the association of PD traits with epilepsy-related variables was studied, as well as the association between PD traits and level of psychopathology.

Results: The results showed that, compared with the control group, patients with epilepsy had higher dimensional VKP scores for several Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) PDs.