International Displacement and Family Stress in Latin America.

Family stress theories posit that individual family members are positioned to adapt to external stressors differently and that these differences can strain family systems. Analyzing in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of migrant mothers in Costa Rica, we investigate how families adjust to the stressors of international displacement. Three stages of family stress adjustment emerged from our analysis: (1) parents' prioritization of safety, (2) parents' and children's grappling with new legal, economic, and social circumstances, and (3) parents' protracted uncertainty in one or more of these realms concomitant with children's feeling resettled.

Remote visits to address loneliness for people living with dementia in care homes: A descriptive qualitative study of visitors' perceptions.

Aims: To assess visitors' perceptions of the benefits and challenges related to engaging in a remote visit intervention, which was designed to address the loneliness of people living with moderate to severe dementia in care homes.

Design: A qualitative descriptive study.

Methods: Twenty-four people living with dementia in care homes in Canada and their family and friends (i.

Comparative effectiveness and healthcare utilization for ambulatory cardiac monitoring strategies in Medicare beneficiaries.

Background: Objective data comparing the diagnostic performance of different ambulatory cardiac monitors (ACMs) are lacking.

Objectives: To assess variation in monitoring strategy, clinical outcomes and healthcare utilization in patients undergoing ambulatory monitoring without a pre-existing arrhythmia diagnosis.

Methods: Using the full sample (100%) of Medicare claims data, we performed a retrospective cohort study of diagnostic-naïve patients who received first-time ACM in 2017 to 2018 and evaluated arrhythmia encounter diagnosis at 3-months, repeat ACM testing at 6 months, all-cause 90-day emergency department (ED) and inpatient utilization, and cost of different strategies: Holter; long-term continuous monitor (LTCM); non-continuous, event-based external ambulatory event monitor (AEM); and mobile cardiac telemetry (MCT).

Weight management treatment modalities in patients with overweight or obesity: A retrospective cohort study of administrative claims data.

Background: The purpose of this study was to describe demographic and clinical characteristics among patients who have medical encounters for weight management treatments and to investigate the association of those characteristics with treatment modality.

Methods: This was a retrospective database study using medical claims, pharmacy claims, and enrollment information from commercial and Medicare Advantage with Part D members in the Optum Research Database from 01/01/2011-2/29/2020. Adult patients with a claim for a weight management treatment from 01/01/2012-2/28/2019 were categorized into cohorts according to the highest intensity intervention received.

Real-world primary nonadherence to antiobesity medications.

Primary nonadherence (PNA), when a medication is newly prescribed but not filled, has been identified as a major research gap potentially impacting the optimal treatment of patients with overweight and obesity who are newly prescribed antiobesity medications (AOMs). To assess PNA among patients with newly prescribed AOMs and to examine factors associated with PNA to AOMs. This was a retrospective study that used the Optum Integrated Clinical plus Claims database to identify individuals who had at least 1 prescription order for an AOM the US Food and Drug Administration approved for long-term use.

Acceptability of a Personal Contact Intervention among People Living with Dementia: Might Baseline Contact Matter?

Our study aimed to explore how perceived baseline contact may influence acceptability of , a personal contact intervention, among people living with dementia. We aimed to generate hypotheses for testing in future studies. This was a sub-group analysis of pilot study data.

Management of nonpurulent wound drainage following spinal surgery: is empiric oral antibiotic treatment appropriate?

Background Context: Postoperative incisional concerns including nonpurulent drainage are relatively common following spine surgery. Evidence-based management protocols are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if prescribing empiric oral antibiotics for nonpurulent wound drainage is beneficial for the prevention of chronic infection or reoperation.

Connecting Today: Feasibility and acceptability of a remote visiting program for people living with dementia in long-term care homes.

Objectives: Social isolation and loneliness affect the quality of life of people living with dementia, yet few interventions have been developed for this population. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of 'Connecting Today', a remote visiting program designed for use with care home residents living with dementia.

Methods: This was a feasibility study to assess whether Connecting Today can be delivered in care homes, and was acceptable to family and friends and people living with dementia.

Costa Rica as a Destination for Migrants in Need of International Protection: IMR Country Report.

In this IMR Country Report, we draw attention to Costa Rica as a strategic location for expanding research and theory on migrants in need of protection (MNP), who have migrated abroad primarily to evade an imminent threat to their survival. MNP constitute an increasing share of all international migrants in Costa Rica and worldwide, yet research on these migrants and their migration dynamics remains comparatively underdeveloped relative to research on migrants who relocate abroad primarily in pursuit of material gains, social status, or family reunification. As we highlight, Costa Rica is an instrumental site to deepen understandings of MNP populations and migration dynamics because its large and rapidly growing MNP population is incredibly diverse with respect to national origins, demographic characteristics, and underlying motivations for migration.

Early intramedullary nailing of bilateral femur fractures: who might benefit most?

Introduction: Identifying which patients can receive immediate intramedullary nailing (IMN) after bilateral femoral shaft fracture may improve health-related quality of life outcomes and decrease healthcare costs. This retrospective study evaluated the perioperative factors that guided emergency department transfer of patients to the operating room (OR) where IMN or temporizing external fixation (TEF) was performed, to the intensive care unit (ICU), or to the orthopedic ward. The hypothesis was that patients referred initially to the OR or to the ICU had more serious co-morbidities, complications, or orthopedic polytrauma, increasing the likelihood that they would benefit from "damage control orthopedics" and TEF use.

Developmental Idealism and Migration: Theorizing their Relationship and an Empirical Example from Nepal.

This paper brings together both theoretically and empirically two strands of social science research: migration and developmental idealism. The paper is motivated by the fact that there are extensive bodies of research about migration and about developmental idealism, but almost no discussion in the literature about how they might be interconnected. We present theoretical arguments concerning the influence of migration in distributing developmental idealism around the world and in developmental idealism being a force influencing the migration decisions of people.

Industrializing AI-powered drug discovery: lessons learned from the computing platform.

Introduction: As a mid-size international pharmaceutical company, we initiated 4 years ago the launch of a dedicated high-throughput computing platform supporting drug discovery. The platform named ' was built up on the initial predicate to capitalize on our proprietary data while leveraging public data sources in order to foster a Computational Precision Medicine approach with the power of artificial intelligence.

Areas Covered: Specifically, is designed to identify novel therapeutic target candidates.

Exploring Patterns of the Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems among Adolescents in High-Risk Appalachian (U.S.A) Communities.

 Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among adolescents in the United States (U.S.) has surpassed conventional tobacco products (CTPs), including cigarettes.

A spectroscopic approach to measuring meibum lipid composition and conformation in donors with Sjӧgren's syndrome.

Patients with Sjӧgren's syndrome (SS) have dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). The meibum from donors with dry eye due to MGD but without SS (M) presents with lower levels of cholesteryl ester, less straight chains, and more ordered hydrocarbon chains compared with meibum from donors without MGD (Mn). The aim of the current study was to compare the composition and hydrocarbon chain conformation of meibum from donors with Sjögren's syndrome (Mss) to Mn and M.

Network-based repurposing identifies anti-alarmins as drug candidates to control severe lung inflammation in COVID-19.

While establishing worldwide collective immunity with anti SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, COVID-19 remains a major health issue with dramatic ensuing economic consequences. In the transition, repurposing existing drugs remains the fastest cost-effective approach to alleviate the burden on health services, most particularly by reducing the incidence of the acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with severe COVID-19. We undertook a computational repurposing approach to identify candidate therapeutic drugs to control progression towards severe airways inflammation during COVID-19.

Music Connects Us: Development of a Music-Based Group Activity Intervention to Engage People Living with Dementia and Address Loneliness.

There is a need for intervention research to understand how music-based group activities foster engagement in social interactions and relationship-building among care home residents living with moderate to severe dementia. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to describe the design of 'Music Connects Us', a music-based group activity intervention. Music Connects Us primarily aims to promote social connectedness and quality of life among care home residents living with moderate to severe dementia through engagement in music-making, supporting positive social interactions to develop intimate connections with others.

When does Social Capital Matter for Migration? A Study of Networks, Brokers, and Migrants in Nepal.

The study of social capital has been one of the strongest areas of recent advance in migration research, but there are still many questions about how it works and why it has varying effects in studies of different places. In this article, we address the contextual variation in social capital's effects on migration by considering migration brokers. We argue that destinations for which migration is logistically difficult to arrange give rise to brokerage industries and hypothesize that brokers in turn substitute for the informational capital typically provided by social networks.

Family Obligation Attitudes, Gender, and Migration.

This study focuses on attitudes related to fulfilling family obligations and their relationships to migration behavior. We hypothesize that men who highly value fulfilling family obligations will be more likely to migrate in order to fulfill material obligations while women who highly value fulfilling family obligations will be less likely to migrate in order to fulfill care obligations. The empirical analysis examines data from the Chitwan Valley Family Study, located in south-central Nepal.

Fatalistic Beliefs and Migration Behaviors: A Study of Ideational Demography in Nepal.

We investigate influences of fatalistic beliefs on domestic and international migration in Nepal, positing that fatalistic beliefs may affect decisions to migrate and where to locate. Fatalism is the belief that human outcomes are preordained by forces outside of one's power and control. Because of its relationship with effort and innovation, fatalism may be an important factor in people's decision to migrate and destination choice.

Women's Caregiving Experience of Older Persons Living With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias and Multiple Chronic Conditions: Using Wuest's Theory.

Introduction: Care of persons living with chronic conditions rests heavily on women within the context of the family. Research demonstrates that women experience more caregiving strain compared to men, yet less is known about the differences in experiences between women carers: namely, wives and daughters.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the experiences of wife and daughter carers of older adults living with Alzheimer disease and related dementias, plus at least two other chronic conditions.

The Mental Map of National Hierarchy in Europe.

We theorize that people's perceptions of national hierarchy are aligned not only with longstanding cultural schemas of development but also with schemas of cultural wealth. We use data from the Nation Brands Index surveys to examine how European publics' evaluate their own country and other European countries across many attributes. We find that European publics rank northwest European countries highest on developmental attributes and southwestern European nations highest on cultural attributes, while they rank eastern European countries lowest in both categorizations.

Sustainability of a rural volunteer program (Nav-CARE): a case study.

Introduction: Nav-CARE (Navigation: Connecting, Accessing, Resourcing and Engaging) is an evidence-based program that was implemented over 1 year in a rural community in western Canada. Nav-CARE uses volunteers who are trained in navigation to facilitate access to resources and provide social support to older persons living in the community with serious illness such as cancer, congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Following implementation in which Nav-CARE was found to be feasible, acceptable and have positive outcomes, Nav-CARE was integrated into the local community-based hospice society program.

A Feasibility Study of a Volunteer Navigation Program in the Palliative Context.

Aims: This mixed methods longitudinal study evaluated Nav-CARE for feasibility, acceptability, ease of use, and satisfaction by older persons and volunteers.

Methods: Nine volunteer navigators visited 23 older persons with serious illness every 3 to 4 weeks for 1 year. Data were collected from volunteer navigators, and older person participants at baseline, during the year- long implementation and post implementation.