Social media in pathology and laboratory medicine: A systematic review.

The use of social media platforms in pathology and medical laboratory science has increased in recent years, revolutionizing the way professionals in these fields interact, disseminate information, and collaborate. To gain an understanding of the current landscape regarding social media use in pathology and medical laboratory science, a novel systematic review was conducted. A search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Scopus was performed to identify articles evaluating social media use within pathology and medical laboratory science.

Cytologic testing for mismatch repair deficiency/microsatellite instability and NTRK gene fusion is not routinely indicated in primary pancreaticobiliary carcinoma cell block material.

Introduction: Pancreaticobiliary carcinomas rarely harbor targetable genetic alterations, including microsatellite instability (MSI) or neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions. As these malignancies are typically present at an advanced stage and have suboptimal response to chemotherapy, the discovery of an actionable genomic alteration provides an additional avenue of treatment for chemotherapy-refractory cases.

Materials And Methods: In this study, we evaluate 319 cases of pancreaticobiliary carcinoma diagnosed on fine-needle aspiration biopsy or biliary brushing for DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein deficiency and pan-TRK overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and compare these results to MSI and NTRK gene fusion molecular testing.

Staphylococcus aureus adapts to exploit collagen-derived proline during chronic infection.

Staphylococcus aureus is a pulmonary pathogen associated with substantial human morbidity and mortality. As vaccines targeting virulence determinants have failed to be protective in humans, other factors are likely involved in pathogenesis. Here we analysed transcriptomic responses of human clinical isolates of S.

Interobserver Variability in HER-2 Immunostaining Interpretation of Metastatic HER2 Low Breast Cancers in Cytology Specimens.

Background: Approximately, 55% of breast carcinomas are reported to be HER-2 low breast carcinomas. Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan is a new FDA-approved targeted therapy for HER-2 low metastatic breast carcinomas, making it essential that all efforts are made to identify these tumors in specimens submitted for pathologic examination. Cytology specimens are often the first and only modality of this assessment due to the ease of specimen procurement.

A six-year comprehensive review of eye cytology cases received at a tertiary level hospital.

Background: Ocular cytology is an effective method of diagnosing infective, benign, and malignant ocular disease processes due to easy accessibility and rapid turnaround time. However, these specimens pose significant diagnostic challenges due to rarity of the specimen type, sparse diagnostic material available for ancillary workup, and unfamiliarity of the diagnostic entities by the cytopathologist.

Methods: This study conducted a 6-year comprehensive review of 65 eye cytology cases received at a tertiary level hospital.

The 1000 Mitoses Project: A Consensus-Based International Collaborative Study on Mitotic Figures Classification.

The identification of mitotic figures is essential for the diagnosis, grading, and classification of various different tumors. Despite its importance, there is a paucity of literature reporting the consistency in interpreting mitotic figures among pathologists. This study leverages publicly accessible datasets and social media to recruit an international group of pathologists to score an image database of more than 1000 mitotic figures collectively.

Ten Years of Pathology on Twitter (X): Landscape and Evolution of Pathology on Twitter From 2012 to 2023.

Context.—: Social media is a powerful tool in pathology education and professional networking that connects pathologists and pathology trainees from around the world. Twitter (X) appears to be the most popular social media platform pathologists use to share pathology-related content and connect with other pathologists.

Reliably making the primary diagnosis of mesothelioma utilizing serous fluid cytology specimens: an institutional experience.

Introduction: The diagnosis of mesothelioma has historically been challenging, especially on serous fluid cytology (SFC). Distinguishing between reactive and neoplastic mesothelial cells can be difficult on cytomorphology alone. However, additional ancillary tests, such as BRCA1 associated protein-1 immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A deletion, can provide a sensitive and highly specific method of proving malignancy.

A comprehensive review of anal cancer-with a special focus on anal cytology.

The diagnosis of anal cancer is relatively uncommon, but its incidence has been steadily increasing in high-risk populations. In the 2001 Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, anal cytology was introduced as a component. Since then, it has been recognized as a potential tool for screening anal cancer, often in conjunction with high-resolution anoscopy.

Ketogenesis promotes tolerance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of pulmonary infection. As a Gram-negative pathogen, it can initiate a brisk and highly destructive inflammatory response; however, most hosts become tolerant to the bacterial burden, developing chronic infection. Using a murine model of pneumonia, we demonstrate that this shift from inflammation to disease tolerance is promoted by ketogenesis.

Significance of concurrent HPV testing with unsatisfactory Papanicolaou test for prediction of follow-up HPV, Papanicolaou test, and biopsy results.

Objectives: Approximately 1% to 2% of routine cytologic specimens collected for Papanicolaou testing are unsatisfactory for evaluation. The American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology 2019 guidelines recommend repeat testing within 2 to 4 months of an unsatisfactory Papanicolaou test (UPT) result.

Methods: We evaluated the utility of follow-up Papanicolaou testing, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and biopsy in 258 cases of UPTs.

Reassessing the optimal volume for malignancy detection in serous fluid cytology.

Background: The international system for reporting serous fluid cytopathology (TIS) recommends submitting at least 50-75 mL of serous fluid to decrease false-negative results. However, prior studies did not agree on specific volume requirements or consensus adequacy criteria. Our study aims to assess whether fluid volume affects the adequacy rate and to assess the minimum volume necessary for optimal adequacy in pleural and peritoneal fluids.

Educational Case: High-Grade Serous Carcinoma of the Ovary.

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.

The practice of cytopathology during the era of COVID-19: challenges and changes.

This paper reviews the challenges faced by cytology laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various safety guidelines regarding collection, handling, transport and sampling in cytology laboratory are presented. A brief literature overview of adapted changes regarding new safety techniques, processing, sampling techniques implemented by the cytology laboratories in this part of the world is presented.

Prosigna® breast cancer assay: histopathologic correlation, development, and assessment of size, nodal status, Ki-67 (SiNK™) index for breast cancer prognosis.

The Prosigna® assay is a United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) cleared molecular test for prognostic use in hormone receptor-positive stage I/II breast cancer in postmenopausal women. We analyzed histopathologic features of 79 cases with Prosigna® assay results and found a significant correlation between tumor size, grade, and Ki-67 labeling index with Prosigna® score (0-40, 41-60, and 61-100) and Prosigna® risk categories. Since the Prosigna® risk stratification is influenced by lymph node status, we designed an index that included lymph node status and the two most correlated variables (size and Ki-67 labeling index).

The Next Generation Robotic Microscopy for Intraoperative Teleneuropathology Consultation.

Introduction: Teleneuropathology at our institution evolved over the last 17 years from using static to dynamic robotic microscopy. Historically (2003-2007), using older technology, the deferral rate was 19.7%, and the concordance was 81% with the final diagnosis.

Spectrum of tau pathologies in Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a trinucleotide expansion in the huntingtin gene. Recently, a new role for tau has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HD, whereas others have argued that postmortem tau pathology findings are attributable to concurrent Alzheimer's disease pathology. The frequency of other well-defined common age-related tau pathologies in HD has not been examined in detail.

HPV-Associated Atypical Mitotic Figures in Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Lower Female Genital Tract.

Objectives: Atypical mitoses with rod and dot-shaped extra pieces of chromosomes separate to the main spindle are commonly seen in HPV-associated intraepithelial lesions. To determine the reproducibility and correlation of HPV-associated atypical mitoses (HAM) with histological diagnosis and p16 status, we performed a retrospective study.

Methods: A total of 100 consecutive cervical biopsies, 10 vulvar HSIL (usual VIN), 10 differentiated VIN, 10 vulvar condylomata, 5 normal proliferative endometrial, and 5 normal ovarian follicles were assessed.