Tunable interplay between exchange coupling and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial CoO/Au/Fe trilayers.

We show that the interaction between ferromagnetic Fe(110) and antiferromagnetic CoO(111) sublayers can be mediated and precisely tuned by a nonmagnetic Au spacer. Our results prove that the thickness of the Fe and Au layers can be chosen to modify the effective anisotropy of the Fe layer and the strength of the exchange bias interaction between Fe and CoO sublayers. Well-defined and tailorable magnetic anisotropy of the ferromagnet above Néel temperature of the antiferromagnet is a determining factor that governs exchange bias and interfacial CoO spins orientation at low temperatures.

Multicenter Evaluation of the ePlex Respiratory Pathogen Panel for the Detection of Viral and Bacterial Respiratory Tract Pathogens in Nasopharyngeal Swabs.

The performance of the new ePlex Respiratory Pathogen (RP) panel (GenMark Diagnostics) for the simultaneous detection of 19 viruses (influenza A virus; influenza A H1 virus; influenza A 2009 H1 virus; influenza A H3 virus; influenza B virus; adenovirus; coronaviruses [HKU1, OC43, NL63, and 229E]; human rhinovirus/enterovirus; human metapneumovirus; parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4; and respiratory syncytial virus [RSV] [RSV subtype A and RSV subtype B]) and 2 bacteria ( and ) was evaluated. Prospectively and retrospectively collected nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimens ( = 2,908) were evaluated by using the ePlex RP panel, with the bioMérieux/BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel (BioFire RP) as the comparator method. Discordance analysis was performed by using target-specific PCRs and bidirectional sequencing.

Multicenter study of clinical performance of the 3M Rapid Detection RSV test.

This multicenter study evaluated the clinical performance of the 3M Rapid Detection RSV test (3MRSV) compared to a composite reference standard of R-Mix culture and direct specimen immunofluorescence for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The performance of the BinaxNOW RSV test was also evaluated using this reference standard. In a secondary analysis, discordant results were arbitrated using the Gen-Probe/Prodesse ProFlu+ reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay.

Simultaneous detection and identification of human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 from clinical samples by multiplex PCR.

Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays have been widely described for use in the diagnosis of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) and other respiratory virus pathogens. However, these assays are mostly monospecific, requiring separate amplifications for each HPIV type. In the present work, we describe multiplex RT-PCR assays that detect and differentiate HPIV serotypes 1, 2, and 3 in a combined reaction.

Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis in adolescent females: InPouch TV culture versus wet-mount microscopy.

Purpose: This study compared the InPouch TV culture to wet-mount, Diamond's culture medium, and Papanicolaou (Pap) smear for the diagnosis of trichomonas infection in sexually active adolescents.

Methods: A total of 467 subjects were recruited among 12-18-year-old girls who received pelvic examinations at two urban adolescent clinics. All girls were tested by wet-mount and InPouch TV.

Isolation and characterization of a naturally occurring parainfluenza 3 virus variant.

A parainfluenza 3 virus variant which failed to react with parainfluenza 3 virus-specific monoclonal anti-bodies from two commercial sources was isolated from a 14-month-old boy. Analysis of the coding region of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene identified 36 nucleotide changes and 4 amino acid changes compared with a consensus sequence derived from strains isolated from 1957 through 1983. Two unique amino acid changes occurred at positions 174 and 283, which are close to identified epitopes in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein.

Multidose, live attenuated, cold-recombinant, trivalent influenza vaccine in infants and young children.

Twenty-two healthy infants and children received either cold-recombinant, trivalent influenza vaccine or placebo in a three-dose vaccine trial. Most (82%) who received vaccine were seronegative to all three vaccine strains (10(6) TCID50/dose each): A/Kawasaki/9/86 (H1N1), A/Los Angeles/2/87 (H3N2), and B/Yamagata/16/88. Vaccine was administered intranasally at time 0 and 2 and 4 months later.

Presentation of Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis in children.

Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis is a potentially treatable infection. To understand its seasonal incidence and clinical presentation in children, we reviewed case records of children seen in Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital in St. Louis, MO.

Immunization of infants and young children with live attenuated trivalent cold-recombinant influenza A H1N1, H3N2, and B vaccine.

Seventeen triply seronegative infants and young children, and 15 infants and young children seropositive to all three influenza virus strains were vaccinated intranasally with 10(5) TCID50 of each of three (H1N1, H3N2, and B) live attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccine strains. Seventeen controls were given placebo. Vaccination with trivalent influenza vaccine was not associated with adverse reactions in triply seronegative or seropositive children.

Sequence of an influenza virus hemagglutinin determined directly from a clinical sample.

The sequence of the HA1 region of the hemagglutinin gene of an influenza virus has been determined without growing the virus in eggs or in cultured cells. The virus used was an H1 strain of influenza A from a clinical specimen taken from a patient in 1987. RNA was extracted directly from virus that had been sedimented out of the transport medium in which the sample had been stored.

Herpes simplex virus resistant to acyclovir. A study in a tertiary care center.

Study Objective: To determine the sensitivity of herpes simplex virus isolates to acyclovir and the importance of resistant isolates in hospitalized patients.

Design: Retrospective incidence cohort study.

Setting: All herpes simplex virus isolates cultured over 1 year from patients followed at a tertiary care center.

Evaluation of the Abbott TESTPACK RSV enzyme immunoassay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal swab specimens.

The Abbott TESTPACK RSV assay (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.), a rapid (20-min) enzyme immunoassay, was compared with culture and direct immunofluorescence (DFA) of nasopharyngeal cells for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens, collected from 234 infants, were placed in viral transport medium.

Detection of rotavirus by hybridization with a nonradioactive synthetic DNA probe and comparison with commercial enzyme immunoassays and silver-stained polyacrylamide gels.

Three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) (rotavirus enzyme immunoassay [EIA; International Diagnostic Laboratories], Pathfinder [Kallestad Laboratories], and Rotaclone [Cambridge Bioscience, Inc.]) and hybridization of viral RNA with a nonradioactive, synthetic oligonucleotide DNA probe (SNAP; Molecular Biosystems, Inc.) were compared with silver-stained polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of viral RNA for the detection of rotavirus in fecal specimens.

Impetigo contagiosa III. Comparative efficacy of oral erythromycin and topical mupirocin.

Ninety-seven patients with impetigo were prospectively enrolled in a study to determine the comparative efficacy of systemic and topical antibiotic therapy. After obtaining a bacterial culture from a representative lesion, the children were randomized to receive seven days of either oral erythromycin or topical mupirocin administered three times daily. Staphylococcus aureus alone was isolated from 51% and in association with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABS) from 29%; GABS alone was isolated from 4% of patients.

Effects of sonication and centrifugation of clinical specimens on the recovery of herpes simplex virus.

We have analyzed frozen and fresh specimens for herpes simplex virus (HSV) to determine the effect of sonication and centrifugation on virus recovery. After sonication, titers of 24/27 specimens increased from 1.3-30.

Effect of influenza B virus on nutrient transport in cultured epithelial cells.

The possibility that influenza virus could induce changes in membrane permeability to nutrients ordinarily concentrated within the cell was examined. Madin-Darby canine kidney cells were infected with egg-grown influenza B virus at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4 (a condition in which influenza virus enters cells by endocytosis).

Improved DNA hybridization method for detection of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus.

A simplified DNA hybridization method was developed to detect acyclovir-resistant isolates of herpes simplex virus. Herpes simplex virus-infected cell cultures in microtiter plates were treated with concentrations of acyclovir ranging from 8 to 0.015 micrograms/ml.

Strategy for efficient detection of respiratory viruses in pediatric clinical specimens.

Direct immunofluorescence (IF) with a polyclonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific antibody preparation was used for antigen detection during the 1982-1983 RSV season (155 specimens) and gave an overall sensitivity of 94% with 87% specificity compared with viral culture. Indirect IF was used in the 1983-1984 season (265 specimens) and exhibited sensitivity of 96% with specificity of 79%. During these two seasons, 42 of 224 (18.

Enhanced isolation of respiratory syncytial virus in cell culture.

During two winter seasons, we found that the combination of WI-38 or MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts plus primary rhesus monkey kidney (RhMK) and HEp-2 cell cultures yielded maximal isolation of respiratory syncytial virus. Cytopathic effects (CPE) developed earliest in RhMK cells and slowest in the human fibroblast lines. In RhMK cells, 50% of ultimately positive cultures showed CPE in 5 days, and 90% of positive cultures showed CPE within 7 days during both respiratory syncytial virus seasons.

Evaluation of two immunofluorescence assays with monoclonal antibodies for typing of herpes simplex virus.

An indirect immunofluorescence assay and a direct immunofluorescence assay were evaluated for typing clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus (HSV). The indirect immunofluorescence assay (Electro-Nucleonics, Inc.) correctly identified 16 HSV type 2 (HSV-2) isolates, but failed to identify 4 of 14 HSV-1 isolates because of background fluorescence and instability of reagents.

Problems associated with the use of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine for typing herpes simplex virus.

When 0.5 microgram of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVdU) per ml was incorporated directly into cell culture medium inoculated with eight known positive specimens, one herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) isolate grew in the presence of BVdU and was misidentified. By plaque assay, the titers of 15 HSV-1 strains were reduced by more than 3 log10 by BVdU, and the titers of 16 HSV-2 strains were reduced by less than 2 log10.

An outbreak of herpes simplex virus type I gingivostomatitis in a dental hygiene practice.

An outbreak of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I gingivostomatitis occurred in a dental hygiene practice in November 1981. An epidemiologic investigation disclosed that 20 of 46 patients seen by the dental hygienist during a four-day period had this illness, whereas none of 26 patients seen by the dentist alone became ill. One day after the outbreak, the hygienist was found to have a herpetic whitlow.

Simplified method for typing herpes simplex virus by restriction endonuclease analysis.

We have developed a simplified method for unambiguously typing herpes simplex virus. The method depends on the production of cell-associated virus at 34 degrees C and subsequently, on the separation of cellular DNA and viral DNA by Dounce homogenization and the removal of nuclei by centrifugation. Viral nucleic acid was prepared from the cytoplasmic fraction and analyzed after restriction endonuclease cleavage.