Significance of monitoring vascular endothelial growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and Interleukin-8 in diabetic macular edema towards early identification of nonresponders to ranibizumab therapy.

Purpose: Identification of nonresponders prior to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy would help in the judicious clinical management of diabetic macular edema (DME) patients. Thus, a systematic study was initiated to identify nonresponding DME patient population undergoing ranibizumab treatment to figure out additional inflammatory components that may contribute to their nonresponsiveness to anti-VEGF therapy.

Methods: A total of 40 patients recruited to this investigator-initiated trial received intravitreal ranibizumab monthly for 3 months.