Groundwater contaminant source identification using swarm intelligence-based simulation optimization models.

In this study, a linked simulation optimization (SO) model is presented for identification of groundwater contaminant sources. The SO model consists of two steps namely, simulation and optimization. The simulation step entails developing a groundwater contaminant transport model in which the advection-dispersion-reaction equation (ADRE) is solved for predicting the concentration of the contaminant.

Comparative Study of Non-invasive Mouse Models of Pancreatitis.

Background And Aims: Although a relevant animal model is essential for studying human diseases, one has yet to be established for mouse pancreatitis. Early non-invasive models of mouse pancreatitis have serious limitations.

Methods: In this study, we compared the efficiency, consistency, and reproducibility of inducing pancreatitis in 3 non-invasive mouse models of pancreatitis in Wistar albino mice: (1) L-arginine-induced model (2 intraperitoneal injections of 4 g/kg body weight of L-arginine spaced 1 h apart), (2) caerulein-induced model (6 intraperitoneal injections of 50 µg/kg body weight of caerulein at hourly intervals), and (3) caerulein + LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced model (6 intraperitoneal doses of 50 µg/kg body weight of caerulein at hourly intervals, along with an LPS [10 mg/kg body weight] injection immediately after the last caerulein injection).

Mapping the Dental Applications of Nanosilver Fluoride: A Narrative Review.

Unlabelled: Advances in nanotechnology have been changing the face of dentistry with their diverse range of dental applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a relatively new breakthrough in dentistry.

Aim: The main objective of this paper is to discuss the current progress in the field of dentistry and highlight the aspects regarding silver nanoparticle incorporation, emphasizing the properties, applications, and advantages of nanosilver fluoride (NSF) that it brings to dentistry.

Effectiveness and Outcomes of Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Patients With Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in individuals experiencing acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with several complications. Therefore, utilizing noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is the suggested initial management for these individuals. The current study was done to assess and compare the clinical and physiological parameters before and after the application of NIPPV and also to evaluate the outcomes of NIPPV.

Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in nanoparticle adjuvant-mediated immune response.

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is pivotal in orchestrating the immune response induced by nanoparticle adjuvants. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by these adjuvants is crucial for deciphering their immunomodulatory properties. This review explores the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mediating immune responses triggered by nanoparticle adjuvants.

Clinico-haematobiochemical and cardiac alterations in Trypanosoma evansi infected buffaloes of Andhra Pradesh, India.

The present research aimed to document the incidence, clinical signs, haematological, and serum biochemical alterations, as well as electrocardiography and echocardiography findings in 62 buffaloes (selected from a total of 240) infected with Trypanosoma evansi. The study spanned one year, from January 2022 to December 2022. Morphological identification of Trypanosoma evansi was done by the presence of a centrally positioned nucleus with a small sub-terminal kinetoplast at the posterior position through microscopic examination of Giemsa stained peripheral blood smears.

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and haemato-biochemical variations in young buffalo calves with cerebral babesiosis.

Present communication aimed to record the clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and haemato-biochemical variations in buffalo calves with the cerebral form of babesiosis. The study was carried out on eight buffalo calves presented to the hospital with nervous signs suffering from babesiosis. Confirmation of babesiosis was done by demonstration of pear-shaped intra-erythrocytic piroplasms of The appreciable clinical signs were the absence of rumination, anorexia, wobbling gait, hyperthermia, scleral congestion, hyperthermia, tachycardia, hyperexcitability, delirium, achezia and grinding of teeth.

To Assess the Efficacy of Various Disinfection and Hemostasis Procedures in Providing Postoperative Pain Relief Following Pulpotomy in Cases of Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of various disinfection and hemostasis procedures in providing postoperative pain relief following pulpotomy in cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

Materials And Methods: The data from a cohort of 50 patients who received treatment with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and another cohort of 50 patients who received treatment with potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser were subjected to analysis. The patients were provided a questionnaire to evaluate pain levels before and after surgery.

Selenium Ameliorates Acetaminophen-Induced Oxidative Stress via MAPK and Nrf2 Pathways in Mice.

Overdose of acetaminophen (paracetamol), a widely used non-prescriptive analgesic and antipyretic medication, is one of the main causes of drug-induced acute liver failure around the world. Oxidative stress contributes to this hepatotoxicity. Antioxidants are known to protect the liver from oxidative stress.

Canine ocular thelaziosis: first report in Andhra Pradesh.

Thelaziosis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution, including in India and reports on canine ocular thelaziosis are very limited. The present case documentation will provide basic information to initiate the geographical epidemiological studies which will help to prevent the spread to these zoonotic diseases in the specified location. This communication reports about the rare case of canine ocular thelaziosis in Andhra Pradesh with the morphological features of the parasite and the management of ocular manifestations with suitable antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory eye drops along with ivermectin injections.

Rational Molecular Designing of Aggregation-Enhanced Emission (AEE) Active Red-Emitting Iridium(III) Complexes: Effect of Lipophilicity and Nanoparticle Encapsulation on Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy.

Two "aggregation-enhanced emission" (AEE) active cyclometalated phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes, SM2 and SM4, were synthesized to evaluate the influence of lipophilicity on photodynamic therapy efficacy. Compared to SM2, SM4 had a higher logP due to the presence of naphthyl groups. As observed by confocal microscopy, this increased lipophilicity of SM4 significantly enhanced its cellular uptake in breast cancer cells.

Recent Advances in the Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of mRNA Vaccines.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have recently emerged as one of the most advanced technologies for the highly efficient in vivo delivery of exogenous mRNA, particularly for COVID-19 vaccine delivery. LNPs comprise four different lipids: ionizable lipids, helper or neutral lipids, cholesterol, and lipids attached to polyethylene glycol (PEG). In this review, we present recent the advances and insights for the design of LNPs, as well as their composition and properties, with a subsequent discussion on the development of COVID-19 vaccines.

Overcoming drug resistance with a docetaxel and disulfiram loaded pH-sensitive nanoparticle.

Previous studies have demonstrated that breast cancer cells deploy a myriad array of strategies to thwart the activity of anticancer drugs like docetaxel (DTX), including acquired drug resistance due to overexpression of drug-efflux pumps like P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and innate drug resistance by cancer stem cells (CSCs). As disulfiram (DSF) can inhibit both P-gp and CSCs, we hypothesized that co-treatment of DTX and DSF could sensitize the drug-resistant breast cancer cells. To deliver a fixed dose ratio of DTX and DSF targeted to the tumor, a tumor extracellular pH-responsive nanoparticle (NP) was developed using a histidine-conjugated star-shaped PLGA with TPGS surface decoration ([DD]NpH-T).

Protein fibril assisted chiral assembly of gold nanorods.

Template mediated assembly of plasmonic nanomaterials is a promising approach to induce chirality. Naturally occurring macromolecules can self-assemble to form chiral superstructures, with dimensions extending from nanometer to micrometer length scales. These structures can serve as templates for host plasmonic nanomaterials on their surface through a variety of interactions.

Breaking the niche: multidimensional nanotherapeutics for tumor microenvironment modulation.

Most of the current antitumor therapeutics were developed targeting the cancer cells only. Unfortunately, in the majority of tumors, this single-dimensional therapy is found to be ineffective. Advanced research has shown that cancer is a multicellular disorder.

pH-Responsive Nanoparticles for Multidimensional Combined Chemo-Immunotherapy of Cancer.

Current research has demonstrated that tumor development and progression are dependent on a multi-cellular interactome, which forms the tumor microenvironment. Multiple components of this multi-cellular ecosystem need to be targeted simultaneously for successful cancer therapy. The objective of this study was to develop a multidimensional combined chemo-immunotherapeutic modality for effective breast cancer treatment.

A Novel Approach to Recreate, Rehabilitate, and Restore the Facial Defect with a Partial Facial Mask - An Interesting Case Report.

Facial defects resulting from neoplasm, congenital malformation, or trauma can be restored with facial prosthesis using different materials and retention methods to achieve the life-like appearance and facilitate function. A facial prosthesis can re-establish esthetic form and anatomic contours for midfacial defects, often more effectively than by surgical reconstruction. For successful results, a lot of factors such as harmony, texture, color matching, and blending of tissue interface with the prosthesis are important.

Disulfiram potentiates docetaxel cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells through enhanced ROS and autophagy.

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays a critical role in reducing the drug sensitivity of docetaxel (DTX) therapy. Disulfiram (DSF) has exhibited potent autophagy inducing activity in multiple studies. We hypothesized that DSF co-treatment could sensitize breast cancer cells to DTX therapy via autophagy modulation.

Tuberculous Infection and Exodontia: A Diagnostic & Treatment Dilemma.

Tuberculous infection is more common in developing countries which are often overlooked by most of the doctors due to improper medical case history. This causes further complications as they proceed with their procedure. Till date, in dentistry, 90 such cases have been reported in literature.

Selective Neck Dissection Technique in the Treatment of Recurrent Pyriform Sinus Fistula.

The 3rd and 4th branchial arch fistulas are rare conditions which are due to embryological persistence or incomplete developmental anomalies. They have a typical course as described by the embryological development but the presentation of cases with true course as per embryology is rare. These patients usually present with repeated infections, inadequate surgical interventions and recurrences.

Chitosan-Chondroitin sulfate based polyelectrolyte complex for effective management of chronic wounds.

Acute and chronic wound remain an unresolved clinical problem among various demographic groups. Traditional marketed products focus mainly on inhibition of bacterial growth at the wound site neglecting the tissue repair, which significantly affect the healing rate. It would be highly beneficial if a wound healing material can be developed which has both antibacterial as well as tissue regenerating potential.

Tumor heterogeneity and nanoparticle-mediated tumor targeting: the importance of delivery system personalization.

After the discovery of the enhanced permeability and retention effect in 1986, it was envisioned that nanoparticle-mediated tumor-targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics would make a radical change in cancer therapy. However, after three decades of extensive research, only a few nanotherapeutics have been approved for clinical use. Although significant advantages of nanomedicines have been demonstrated in pre-clinical studies, clinical outcome was found to be variable.