A Case of Neuroparacoccidioidomycosis in Houston, Texas.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal disease caused by the dimorphic species endemic to South America. Infection classically presents with pulmonary, mucosal, or reticuloendothelial involvement, though other organs can be involved. Central nervous system involvement is rare, and almost universally reported within the endemic area for the fungus.

Optogenetic control of alcohol-seeking behavior via the dorsomedial striatal circuit.

Alcohol consumption alters glutamatergic transmission in many brain regions, including the dorsomedial striatum (DMS); this aberrant plasticity is thought to be responsible for alcohol-seeking behavior. Recent studies reported that alcohol induced such plasticity specifically in direct pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs) of the DMS. However, it is unknown how this specific change contributes to alcohol-seeking behavior and relapse.