An Evaluation of the Changing Trends in Substance Use Behavior Among Patients in the Tertiary Care Setting After the Implementation of Liquor Prohibition in Bihar, India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and objective Substance use disorders pose significant global public health challenges, with India being no exception. Bihar, one of India's most populous states, implemented alcohol prohibition in April 2016 to address the adverse effects of alcohol abuse. However, the impact of this policy on overall substance use behavior among patients in healthcare settings remains to be explored.

Effect of locosamide as an add-on therapy in the management of dissociative disorders.

The role of lacosamide (LCM) as add on treatment modality in dissociative disorders (DD) is of interest. It was a randomized control trial in which 300 patients diagnosed with dissociative disorders having treatment for the dissociative disorders were included. They were divided into two groups.

3D assessment of alveolar bone alterations in orthodontic movement among Indians.

Apical root resorption, which is characterised as a biological or abnormal phenomenon that shortens the length of the root apex, is additional typical iatrogenic impact of orthodontic tooth movement that may jeopardise the effectiveness of treatment and tooth lifespan. The main goals of the current retrospective investigation were to assess the dimensions of alveolar bone alterations that come along with orthodontic movement and to look into the frequency and extent of resorption of root in maxillary incisors across categories that were similarly managed with clear aligners (OCA) and fixed appliances (OFA) using CBCT. The study included 50 subjects who were divided into two categories with 25 study subjects in each category.

Intracellular tPA-PAI-1 interaction determines VLDL assembly in hepatocytes.

Apolipoprotein B (apoB)-lipoproteins initiate and promote atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Plasma tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity is negatively associated with atherogenic apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol levels in humans, but the mechanisms are unknown. We found that tPA, partially through the lysine-binding site on its Kringle 2 domain, binds to the N terminus of apoB, blocking the interaction between apoB and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) in hepatocytes, thereby reducing very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and plasma apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Efficacy of Two Types of Noninvasive Nerve Stimulation in the Management of Myofascial Pain Caused by Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Disorders.

Background A range of diseases affecting the jaw muscles and/or temporomandibular joint are referred to as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Nearly 80% of the general population is affected by TMDs, and 48% of those people have trouble opening their mouths and have painful muscles. Aim To compare the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and microcurrent nerve stimulation (MENS) for the relief of masticatory muscle discomfort.

Quantifying the Release of Titanium From the Titanium Dioxide-Impregnated Composites Used in Orthodontic Bonding.

Background: Previous literature data has extensively assessed the biocompatibility of various orthodontic adhesives and their components, where the results of most of the studies showed cytotoxic effects of different degrees owing to the unbound molecules released structurally from the cured components.

Aim: The present in-vitro study was aimed to assess the release of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the artificial saliva from the orthodontic composites impregnated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles of 5% w/w (weight/weight) and 1% w/w used for metal brackets bonding.

Methods: The study assessed 160 teeth extracted freshly during orthodontic treatment and divided into two groups of 80 samples, each that bonded to orthodontic brackets having 5% w/w and 1% w/w composites with titanium dioxide nanoparticles kept in the artificial saliva.

High Serum Ferritin Levels among Blood Transfused Thalassemic Patients Admitted to the Department of Paediatrics in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Raised serum ferritin levels often indicate iron overload, but they are not specific as the levels are elevated in inflammatory disorders, liver diseases, alcohol excess, or malignancy. If regular transfusions are required for the patient with thalassemia, this doubles the rate of iron accumulation leading to earlier massive iron overload and iron-related damage. The aim of this study aimed to find out the prevalence of high serum ferritin levels among blood-transfused thalassemic patients admitted to the Department of Paediatrics in a tertiary care centre.

Evaluation of Immature Granulocyte Count as the Earliest Biomarker for Sepsis.

Background: Diagnosing sepsis early is important for its successful management. Various biomarkers are being used currently, but mostly they are either expensive or not readily available. This study aims to evaluate usefulness of automated immature granulocyte count (IG#) and immature granulocyte percentage (IG%) as early diagnostic markers of sepsis and compares it to other established predictive markers.

Zika Virus Prediction Using AI-Driven Technology and Hybrid Optimization Algorithm in Healthcare.

The Zika virus presents an extraordinary public health hazard after spreading from Brazil to the Americas. In the absence of credible forecasts of the outbreak's geographic scope and infection frequency, international public health agencies were unable to plan and allocate surveillance resources efficiently. An RNA test will be done on the subjects if they are found to be infected with Zika virus.

Factor V east Texas variant causes bleeding in a three-generation family.

Background: The factor V east Texas bleeding disorder (FVETBD) is caused by increased plasma tissue factor pathway inhibitor-α (TFPIα) concentration. The underlying cause is a variant in F5 causing alternative splicing within exon 13 and producing FV-short, which tightly binds the C-terminus of TFPIα, prolonging its circulatory half-life.

Objectives: To diagnose a family presenting with variable bleeding and laboratory phenotypes.

Short Ejaculatory Abstinence in Normozoospermic Men is Associated with Higher Clinical Pregnancy Rates in Sub-fertile Couples Undergoing Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Retrospective Analysis of 1691 Cycles.

Background: The current WHO abstinence recommendations are ideal only for clinical diagnosis, as in recent years a negative correlation of abstinence duration with good embryo development and clinical pregnancy rate has been seen.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of variation in abstinence period on fertilization, embryo development potential, pregnancy, and miscarriage rate in sub-fertile couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment.

Setting And Design: A prospective analysis was conducted at a tertiary (level 3) infertility care clinic.

Foldscope: Diagnostic Accuracy and Feasibility of its Use in National Malaria Control Program.

Background: Malaria has been an important public health all over the globe. Although conventional light microscopy is the gold standard of diagnosis, light microscopes are heavy, fragile, costly, and electricity dependent. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have become more popular but perform badly in temperate climate.

A Preliminary Experience of Integration of an Electronic Witness System, its Validation, Efficacy on Lab Performance, and Staff Satisfaction Assessment in a Busy Indian Fertilization Laboratory.

Background: Electronic witness system (EWS) is one of the recent advancements in the field of fertilization (IVF) that uses radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology to monitor all critical work carried out in each stage of IVF procedures cycle.

Objective: The main objective of the study was validation and integration of electronic witnessing system, assessment of its efficacy on lab performance, and staff satisfaction in a busy tertiary IVF center.

Materials And Methods: The study data included analysis of 187 consecutive cycles for installation and validation of EWS.

Identification of Cardiac Fibrosis in Young Adults With a Homozygous Frameshift Variant in SERPINE1.

Importance: Cardiac fibrosis is exceedingly rare in young adults. Identification of genetic variants that cause early-onset cardiomyopathy may inform novel biological pathways. Experimental models and a single case report have linked genetic deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a downstream target of cardiac transforming growth factor β, with cardiac fibrosis.

lncRNA DIGIT and BRD3 protein form phase-separated condensates to regulate endoderm differentiation.

Cooperation between DNA, RNA and protein regulates gene expression and controls differentiation through interactions that connect regions of nucleic acids and protein domains and through the assembly of biomolecular condensates. Here, we report that endoderm differentiation is regulated by the interaction between the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) DIGIT and the bromodomain and extraterminal domain protein BRD3. BRD3 forms phase-separated condensates of which the formation is promoted by DIGIT, occupies enhancers of endoderm transcription factors and is required for endoderm differentiation.

Laboratory misdiagnosis of von Willebrand disease in post-menarchal females: A multi-center study.

Increased awareness of von Willebrand Disease (VWD) has led to more frequent diagnostic laboratory testing, which insurers often dictate be performed at a facility with off-site laboratory processing, instead of a coagulation facility with onsite processing. Off-site processing is more prone to preanalytical variables causing falsely low levels of von Willebrand Factor (VWF) due to the additional transport required. Our aim was to determine the percentage of discordance between off-site and onsite specimen processing for VWD in this multicenter, retrospective study.

Potential of the Community Counts registry to characterize rare bleeding disorders.

Introduction: Rare bleeding disorders (RBDs) comprise of heterogeneous coagulation factor deficiencies and platelet disorders that are underreported worldwide.

Aim: First report on RBD data from United States haemophilia treatment center network (USHTCN).

Methods: A national surveillance system for the federally recognized USHTCN developed in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and American Thrombosis and Haemostasis Network (ATHN) was queried for patients with RBDs.

Thrombin and plasmin generation in patients with plasminogen or plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 deficiency.

Introduction: Deficiencies of plasminogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) are rare disorders of fibrinolysis. Current laboratory assays for analysis of activity of plasminogen and PAI-1 do not provide an accurate correlation with clinical phenotype.

Methods: The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay (NHA) was used to simultaneously measure thrombin and plasmin generation in 5 patients with plasminogen deficiency (PLGD) and 10 patients with complete PAI-1 deficiency.

Sustained release of a model water-soluble compound via dry powder aerosolizable acetalated dextran microparticles.

To design and characterize aerosol microparticles (MP) to provide sustained release of the water-soluble compound sulforhodamine B (SRB) and achieve effective aerosol dispersion. Modulating the release of water-soluble compounds remains a challenge in pulmonary drug delivery. SRB and water made up an aqueous solution, while acetalated dextran (Ac-Dex) and isopropyl alcohol made up an organic solution.

Clinical features of children, adolescents, and adults with coexisting hypermobility syndromes and von Willebrand disease.

We present five patients with coexistent von Willebrand disease (VWD) and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and 21 with VWD and joint hypermobility. Females outnumbered males ten to three, Beighton scores were documented in 58% (15 of 26 patients), and several patients experienced moderately severe bleeding. We believe coexistent hypermobility disorder with VWD potentially affects bleeding severity and want to raise awareness among hematologists.

Erratum to: Decellularization Methods for Scaffold Fabrication.

The publisher regrets that an author was not mentioned in the chapter by mistake. The details of the author are provided below:Archna Dhasmana - Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.

Comparative study of a new technique using nephroscope and resectoscope sheath and the percutaneous cystolithotripsy for the treatment of bladder calculus.

Introduction: Several minimally invasive approaches are available for the treatment of bladder stones, with each having its own advantages and disadvantages. We devised a new technique to overcome a few limitations of conventional techniques and compared its efficacy with conventional percutaneous cystolithotripsy (PCCL) technique.

Material And Methods: This was a randomized, open-label, prospective, controlled study conducted from July 2015 to December 2016 that included 62 patients with bladder calculus of ≥2 cm in size.