Multisystemic treatment of violent and chronic juvenile offenders: bridging the gap between research and practice.

The lack of communication between researchers and practitioners has hindered the development of effective interventions for children and adolescents. Recently, however, significant headway in bridging this researcher-practitioner gap has been made due to the emergence of multisystemic therapy (MST) as a treatment approach that combines the rigor of science and the "real world" aspects of clinical practice in treating violent and chronic juvenile offenders and their families in community-based settings. MST addresses the multiple known determinants of delinquency and delivers services in the family's natural environment, with considerable emphasis on treatment fidelity.

Human T cell IgD receptors react with O-glycans on both human IgD and IgA1.

Previous studies on murine T cell IgD-R have shown that these receptors recognize N-glycans of murine IgD, and not of other Ig isotypes. We have now studied the specificity of IgD-R on human T cells. Human IgD digested with proteinase K to fragments of < 5 kDa inhibit the ability of T cells to form rosettes with IgD-coated ox erythrocytes.

The abuse clarification process in the treatment of intrafamilial child abuse.

One aspect of treatment for child abuse and neglect addresses the attributions that the child victim, offender, nonoffending parents, and other family members have about the occurrence of the maltreatment. This paper describes a formal approach for abuse clarification to be used with families in which maltreatment has occurred. The four primary components of the abuse clarification process are: (a) clarification of the abusive behaviors; (b) offender assumption of responsibility for the abuse; (c) offender expression of awareness of the impact of the abuse on the child victim and family; and, (d) initiation of a plan to ensure future safety.

Stability of mycophenolate mofetil in an extemporaneously compounded oral liquid.

The stability of mycophenolate mofetil in an extemporaneously prepared 100-mg/mL oral liquid was studied. The contents of 80 250-mg capsules of mycophenolate mofetil were combined with sterile water for irrigation and cherry-flavored syrup to produce 200 mL of suspension. Six 1-mL samples were analyzed immediately, and the rest of the suspension was poured into 12 2-oz amber polyethylene terephthalate [corrected] G(PETG) bottles; six bottles were stored at 23-25 degrees C and six at 2-8 degrees C.

In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of amphotericin B lipid complex: are phospholipases important?

Amphotericin B lipid complex for injection (ABLC) is a suspension of amphotericin B complexed with the lipids L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol. ABLC is less toxic than amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB-d), while it maintains the antifungal activity of AmB-d. Active amphotericin B can be released from ABLC by exogenously added (snake venom, bacteria, or Candida-derived) phospholipases or by phospholipases derived from activated mammalian vascular tissue (rat arteries).

The effect of aging on IgD receptor expression by T cells and its functional implications.

Exposure to oligomeric or aggregated (a), but not to monomeric (m), IgD causes a rapid (within 1 h) upregulation of IgD-R expression on CD4+ T cells from young, but not from aged, mice and on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from all young and from approximately 65% of aged humans. In normal young (but not in IgD-/-) mice, this increase in IgD-R expression is associated with a marked increase in primary and secondary antibody responses, transferable to both aged and young mice with T cells from aIgD pretreated donors. In both species, immunization causes a rise in the IgD-R+ expression in vivo in the young.

Pharmacokinetic profile of ABELCET (amphotericin B lipid complex injection): combined experience from phase I and phase II studies.

Amphotericin B (AmB) has been the most effective systemic antifungal agent, but its use is limited by the dose-limiting toxicity of the conventional micellar dispersion formulation (Fungizone). New formulations with better and improved safety profiles are being developed and include ABELCET (formerly ABLC), but their dispositions have not been well characterized; hence, the reason for their improved profiles remains unclear. This report details the pharmacokinetics of ABELCET examined in various pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies by using whole-blood measurements of AmB concentration performed by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Rhinovirus infection preferentially increases lower airway responsiveness in allergic subjects.

Rhinovirus (RV) infections are important triggers of acute asthma symptoms in susceptible persons. To determine whether the presence of allergy is a risk factor for enhanced lower airway effects during RV infection, we experimentally infected (RV16) 18 volunteers with allergic rhinitis and 13 normal control subjects and measured the effects on the response of the lower airways to histamine. All subjects were successfully infected, as indicated by increased upper respiratory symptoms and RV16 cultured from nasal secretions.

The effect of aging on the immune response: influence of phosphatidylcholine-containing lipid on IgD-receptor expression and antibody formation.

It was reported previously that IgD-receptors (IgD-R) are expressed on both CD4+ and CD8+ human T cells and CD4+ murine T cells after exposure to oligomeric IgD, certain cytokines, or various pharmacological agents, as shown by rosetting with IgD-coated erythrocytes. Enhancement of antibody production is observed in mice after injection of oligomeric IgD and is mediated by these IgD-R+ T cells, while injection of monomeric IgD inhibits both IgD-R upregulation and augmentation of antibody responses induced by simultaneously injected oligomeric IgD. The effects of oligomeric IgD on IgD-R upregulation are lacking in aged mice.

Behavior of amphotericin B lipid complex in plasma in vitro and in the circulation of rats.

Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) shows reduced toxicity relative to that of amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB-d) while maintaining antifungal activity. Rat blood or plasma was spiked with ABLC in vitro. Released amphotericin B was separated from the parent material by centrifugation.

Stability of acetylcysteine in an extemporaneously compounded ophthalmic solution.

The stability of acetylcysteine in an extemporaneously compounded ophthalmic solution was studied. Acetylcysteine 10% ophthalmic solution containing 0.025% disodium edetate and 0.

Clinical evaluation of a leukocyte esterase test-strip for detection of feline pyuria.

Commercial macroscopic test-strips (dipsticks) that indirectly detect urine leukocytes by quantifying leukocyte esterase (LE) activity have been advocated as a simple, rapid, and inexpensive alternative to microscopic examination for detection of significant pyuria in urine specimens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a commercial LE test-strip for detection of feline pyuria. Two hundred and thirteen consecutive urine specimens were collected from 188 different feline patients and analyzed for LE activity with a LE test-strip (Multistix 2 Reagent Strips:Ames Division, Bayer Corp.

A potentially misleading presentation and course of acute myelomonocytic leukemia in a dog.

A nine-year-old, castrated male golden retriever had lethargy, fever, massive peripheral lymphadenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly, and pale mucous membranes. There was a marked leukocytosis (456.3 x 10(3) cells/microliter) with 99% blasts; a moderate, nonregenerative anemia; and marked thrombocytopenia.

Use of an amphotericin B lipid complex for treatment of blastomycosis in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate efficacy and nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B lipid complex used for treatment of dogs with naturally developing blastomycosis.

Design: Prospective clinical trial.

Animals: 11 dogs with blastomycosis.

Relationship between stability and function for isolated domains of troponin C.

Results of spectroscopic thermal and chemical denaturation studies and calcium binding studies are presented for a series of five recombinant chicken troponin C fragments. They were designed to assess the effects of domain isolation, N-helix, and D/E linker helix on stability and calcium affinity. Four of the fragments include the N-terminal regulatory domain and one the C-terminal domain.

Reduction of canine infarct size by bolus intravenous administration of liposomal prostaglandin E1: comparison with control, placebo liposomes, and continuous intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E1.

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) reduces experimental infarct size when administered by prolonged low-dose left atrial infusion during coronary occlusion. Liposomal delivery of PGE1 may enhance biologic activity and limit adverse hemodynamic effects. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that intravenous bolus administration of liposomal PGE1 (TLC C-53, The Liposome Company, Princeton, N.

Cryotherapy in sports medicine.

The use of cryotherapy, i.e. the application of cold for the treatment of injury or disease, is widespread in sports medicine today.

Retroviral transmission in bone allotransplantation. The effects of tissue processing.

The transmission of a retrovirus through transplantation of processed bone allografts was studied using the feline leukemia virus. The long bones of 4 previously infected donor cats were harvested and assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: single freeze/thaw cycle, double freeze/thaw cycle, or double freeze/thaw cycle with water flush to remove bone marrow. Cortical bone grafts and corticocancellous bone grafts from each treatment group were transplanted into individual specific-pathogen-free recipients.