Identifying predictors of nosocomial pneumonia in trauma patients admitted to a level-1 trauma center.

Background: Nosocomial pneumonia is common in trauma patients and associated with an adverse prognosis. We recently externally validated and recalibrated an existing formula to predict nosocomial pneumonia risk. Identifying more potential predictors could aid in a more accurate prediction of nosocomial pneumonia risk in level-1 trauma patients.

The Complete Genome Sequence of Splendidofilaria pectoralis (Onchocercidae, Rhabditida, Chromadorea, Nematoda).

We present the complete genome sequence of Splendidofilaria pectoralis, a nematode parasite of grouse (Aves: Galliformes: Tetraonini). Illumina paired-end reads were assembled by a de novo method followed by a finishing step. The raw and assembled data are publicly available via GenBank: Sequence Read Archive (SRR28509439) and assembled genome (JBFSWT000000000).

Enhanced production of Fe in massive stars.

Massive stars are a major source of chemical elements in the cosmos, ejecting freshly produced nuclei through winds and core-collapse supernova explosions into the interstellar medium. Among the material ejected, long-lived radioisotopes, such as Fe (iron) and Al (aluminum), offer unique signs of active nucleosynthesis in our galaxy. There is a long-standing discrepancy between the observed Fe/Al ratio by γ-ray telescopes and predictions from supernova models.

Purifying selection drove the adaptation of mitochondrial genes along with correlation of gene rearrangements and evolutionary rates in two subfamilies of Whitefly (Insecta: Hemiptera).

Insect mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are usually represented by a conserved gene order. Whiteflies exhibit gene rearrangement in their mitogenomes; however, understanding how nucleotide substitution rates shape gene rearrangement in whiteflies is unclear due to the limited number of mitogenomes. Additionally, the mechanisms by which selection pressure drives adaptations in mitochondrial genes in the two subfamilies of whiteflies are not yet known.

First Study of the ^{139}Ba(n,γ)^{140}Ba Reaction to Constrain the Conditions for the Astrophysical i Process.

New astronomical observations point to a nucleosynthesis picture that goes beyond what was accepted until recently. The intermediate "i" process was proposed as a plausible scenario to explain some of the unusual abundance patterns observed in metal-poor stars. The most important nuclear physics properties entering i-process calculations are the neutron-capture cross sections and they are almost exclusively not known experimentally.

Mitochondrial genome fragmentation is correlated with increased rates of molecular evolution.

While mitochondrial genome content and organization is quite diverse across all Eukaryotes, most bilaterian animal mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) exhibit highly conserved gene content and organisation, with genes typically encoded on a single circular chromosome. However, many species of parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) are among the notable exceptions, having mitogenomes fragmented into multiple circular chromosomes. To better understand the process of mitogenome fragmentation, we conducted a large-scale genomic study of a major group of lice, Amblycera, with extensive taxon sampling.

Proton Shell Gaps in N=28 Nuclei from the First Complete Spectroscopy Study with FRIB Decay Station Initiator.

The first complete measurement of the β-decay strength distribution of _{17}^{45}Cl_{28} was performed at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) with the FRIB Decay Station Initiator during the second FRIB experiment. The measurement involved the detection of neutrons and γ rays in two focal planes of the FRIB Decay Station Initiator in a single experiment for the first time. This enabled an analytical consistency in extracting the β-decay strength distribution over the large range of excitation energies, including neutron unbound states.

Genomic data reveal unexpected relatedness between a brown female Eastern Bluebird and her brood.

Because plumage coloration is frequently involved in sexual selection, for both male and female mate choice, birds with aberrant plumage should have fewer mating opportunities and thus lower reproductive output. Here we report an Eastern Bluebird () female with a brown phenotype that raised a brood of four chicks to fledging. The brown female and her mate were only related to their social offspring to the second degree and one of the offspring was a half-sibling.

The Effect of Perfusate Temperature on Delayed Graft Function in Deceased Donor Renal Transplantation.

Renal allograft hypothermic machine perfusion results in a decreased incidence of delayed graft function compared with static cold storage. Ensuring perfusate temperatures remain within the target range of 4-10 °C may impact delayed graft function rates. To identify whether this target was achieved and, if not, whether higher perfusate temperature was associated with delayed graft function.

Prevalence and diversity of parasitic bird lice (Insecta: Psocodea) in northeast Arkansas.

Many groups of parasites lack basic information on biodiversity and host associations, which poses challenges for conservation and understanding the ecological relationships between hosts and their parasites. This gap in knowledge is particularly relevant for parasitic species with obscure lifestyles. Ectoparasitc bird lice (Insecta: Psocodea: Phthiraptera) are a group of parasites that has received a relatively substantial research focus, yet patterns of bird-louse relationships and louse diversity remain understudied in many geographic regions, including in parts of the southeastern United States.

Nonoperative treatment of multiple rib fractures, the results to beat: International multicenter prospective cohort study among 845 patients.

Background: Optimal treatment (i.e., nonoperative or operative) for patients with multiple rib fractures remains debated.

Dietary Flaxseed and Flaxseed Oil Differentially Modulate Aspects of the Microbiota Gut-Brain Axis Following an Acute Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in Male C57Bl/6 Mice.

The microbiota gut-brain axis (mGBA) is an important contributor to mental health and neurological and mood disorders. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are endotoxins that are components of Gram-negative bacteria cell walls and have been widely shown to induce both systemic and neuro-inflammation. Flaxseed () is an oilseed rich in fibre, n3-poly-unsaturated fatty acid (alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)), and lignan, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, which all can induce beneficial effects across varying aspects of the mGBA.

Ferromagnetic resonators synthesized by metal-organic decomposition epitaxy.

Metal-organic decomposition epitaxy is an economical wet-chemical approach suitable to synthesize high-quality low-spin-damping films for resonator and oscillator applications. This work reports the temperature dependence of ferromagnetic resonances and associated structural and magnetic quantities of yttrium iron garnet nanofilms that coincide with single-crystal values. Despite imperfections originating from wet-chemical deposition and spin coating, the quality factor for out-of-plane and in-plane resonances approaches 600 and 1000, respectively, at room temperature and 40 GHz.

The value of chest radiography after chest tube removal in nonventilated trauma patients: A post hoc analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort study.

Background: Chest tubes are commonly placed in trauma care to treat life-threatening intrathoracic injuries by evacuating blood or air from the pleural cavity. Currently, it is common practice to routinely obtain chest radiographs between 1 to 8 hours after chest tube removal, while the necessity of it has been questioned. This study describes the "ins-and-outs" of chest tubes and evaluates the value of routine postremoval chest radiography in nonventilated trauma patients.

Antiviral Prescribing Among Patients at an Ambulatory Cancer Center With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza.

Among 133 cancer outpatients diagnosed with influenza between 2016 and 2018, 110 (83%) were prescribed oseltamivir. Among 109 with a known symptom onset date, 53% presented for care and 31% were prescribed oseltamivir within 48 hours. Patient/provider education and rapid diagnostics are needed to improve early oseltamivir use among cancer patients with influenza.

Beyond Positive Affect: Discrete Positive Emotions Differentiate Major Depression from Social Anxiety Disorder.

Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are both associated with diminished global positive affect. However, little is known about which specific positive emotions are affected, and which positive emotions differentiate MDD from SAD.

Methods: Four groups of adults recruited from the community were examined ( = 272): control group (no psychiatric history;  = 76), SAD without MDD group ( = 76), MDD without SAD group ( = 46), and comorbid group (diagnoses of both SAD and MDD;  = 74).

In patients with combined clavicle and multiple rib fractures, does fracture fixation of the clavicle improve clinical outcomes? A multicenter prospective cohort study of 232 patients.

Background: Clavicle and rib fractures are often sustained concomitantly. The combination of injuries may result in decreased stability of the chest wall, making these patients prone to (respiratory) complications and prolonged hospitalization. This study aimed to assess whether adding chest wall stability by performing clavicle fixation improves clinical outcomes in patients with concurrent clavicle and rib fractures.

Dispersal-Limited Symbionts Exhibit Unexpectedly Wide Variation in Host Specificity.

A fundamental aspect of symbiotic relationships is host specificity, ranging from extreme specialists associated with only a single host species to generalists associated with many different species. Although symbionts with limited dispersal capabilities are expected to be host specialists, some are able to associate with multiple hosts. Understanding the micro- and macro-evolutionary causes of variations in host specificity is often hindered by sampling biases and the limited power of traditional evolutionary markers.

The association of radiologic body composition parameters with clinical outcomes in level-1 trauma patients.

Purpose: The present study aims to assess whether CT-derived muscle mass, muscle density, and visceral fat mass are associated with in-hospital complications and clinical outcome in level-1 trauma patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on adult patients admitted to the University Medical Center Utrecht following a trauma between January 1 and December 31, 2017. Trauma patients aged 16 years or older without severe neurological injuries, who underwent a CT that included the abdomen within 7 days of admission, were included.

Epidemiology and outcomes of traumatic chest injuries in children: a nationwide study in the Netherlands.

Unlabelled: Thoracic injuries are infrequent among children, but still represent one of the leading causes of pediatric mortality. Studies on pediatric chest trauma are dated, and little is known of outcomes in different age categories. This study aims to provide an overview of the incidence, injury patterns, and in-hospital outcomes of children with chest injuries.