Nutritionally physiological cell culture medium and 3D culture influence breast tumour proteomics and anti-cancer drug effectiveness.

Many drugs have been discontinued during phase II/III breast cancer clinical trials due to lack of clinical efficacy, indicating shortcomings in predictive value of preclinical data. Nutrient availability in the tumour cell microenvironment and the dimensionality of in vitro tumour cells likely impact on drug responsiveness. Global proteomics experiments were conducted to assess the impact of nutrient availability and dimensionality of culture.

Factors affecting biofilm formation by bacteria on fabrics.

Fabrics act as fomites for microorganisms, thereby playing a significant role in infection transmission, especially in the healthcare and hospitality sectors. This study aimed to examine the biofilm formation ability of four nosocomial infection-causing bacteria (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) on cotton, polyester, polyester-cotton blend, silk, wool, viscose, and nylon, used frequently in the healthcare sector, by qualitative and quantitative methods. The impact of temperature, pH, and relative humidity (RH) on biofilm formation was also assessed.

The effect of calcium removal from skim milk by ion exchange on the properties of the ultrafiltration retentate.

New processes are needed to produce concentrated milk feedstocks with tailored calcium content, due to the direct link between calcium concentration and final product texture and functionality. Skim milk treatment with cation exchange resin 1% (w/v) or 2% (w/v) prior to ultrafiltration to a volumetric concentration factor (VCF) of 2.5 or 5 successfully decreased the calcium concentration by 20-30% and produced concentrates with solids content at ∼22-24 g 100 g at a VCF of 5.

Maternal-Periconceptional Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Wistar Rats Leads to Sex-Specific Programming for Cardiometabolic Disease Risk in the Next Generation.

Background: Maternal vitamin B12 deficiency plays a vital role in fetal programming, as corroborated by previous studies on murine models and longitudinal human cohorts.

Objectives: This study assessed the effects of diet-induced maternal vitamin B12 deficiency on F1 offspring in terms of cardiometabolic health and normalization of these effects by maternal-periconceptional vitamin B12 supplementation.

Methods: A diet-induced maternal vitamin B12 deficient Wistar rat model was generated in which female rats were either fed a control AIN-76A diet (with 0.

iTRAQ based proteomic analysis of rice lines having single or stacked blast resistance genes: / during incompatible interaction with .

Unlabelled: Deployment of single or multiple blast resistance () genes in rice plant is considered to be the most promising approach to enhance resistance against blast disease caused by fungus . At the proteome level, relatively little information about gene mediated defence mechanisms for single and stacking resistance characteristics is available. The overall objective of this study is to look at the proteomics of rice plants that have genes; and stacked  +  in response to rice blast infection.

Textiles as fomites in the healthcare system.

Nosocomial infections or healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are acquired under medical care in healthcare facilities. In hospital environments, the transmission of infectious diseases through textiles such as white coats, bed linen, curtains, and towels are well documented. Textile hygiene and infection control measures have become more important in recent years due to the growing concerns about textiles as fomites in healthcare settings.

Simulation of mass spectrometry-based proteomics data with Synthedia.

Motivation: A large number of experimental and bioinformatic parameters must be set to identify and quantify peptides in mass spectrometry experiments and each of these will impact the results. An ability to simulate raw data with known contents would allow researchers to rapidly explore the effects of varying experimental parameters and systematically investigate downstream processing software. A range of data simulators are available for established data-dependent acquisition methodologies, but these do not extend to the rapidly developing field of data-independent acquisition (DIA) strategies.

Temporal variation in bacterial community profile on patients' bedsheets in a primary healthcare unit.

Fabrics serve as fomites in spreading nosocomial infections. As a patient is in close contact with bedsheets, it is important to assess the seasonal variation in bacterial diversity on these in healthcare units. The study was conducted to characterise the bacterial diversity on patients' bedsheets across 7 months in a primary healthcare unit.

Getting more out of FLAG-Tag co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry experiments using FAIMS.

Co-immunoprecipitation of proteins coupled to mass spectrometry is critical for the understanding of protein interaction networks. In instances where a suitable antibody is not available, it is common to graft synthetic tags onto a target protein sequence thereby allowing the use of commercially available antibodies for affinity purification. A common approach is through FLAG-Tag co-immunoprecipitation.

Integrase Inhibitor Use Associated with Weight Gain in Women and Incident Diabetes Mellitus.

Excessive weight gain associated with integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI) antiretrovirals is an emerging issue; however, the metabolic consequences of this effect have not been established. Our objective was to evaluate for InSTI-emergent weight gain and potential associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among a diverse HIV patient cohort. For this retrospective cohort study, we obtained clinical warehouse data for HIV+ patients between fiscal years 2007-17.

Lithium administered to pregnant, lactating and neonatal rats: entry into developing brain.

Background: Little is known about the extent of drug entry into developing brain, when administered to pregnant and lactating women. Lithium is commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder. Here we studied transfer of lithium given to dams, into blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in embryonic and postnatal animals as well as adults.

Surveillance of bacterial load and multi-drug resistant bacteria on bedsheets in a primary health care unit.

A patient is in close proximity to different types of textiles in hospital environment, which contribute to the transfer of drug-resistant bacteria in healthcare settings. This study was undertaken to estimate the temporal variations in bacterial load on bedsheets in a primary healthcare unit in Delhi. Data were collected for a period of 7 months.

Prednisolone Alters Endometrial Decidual Cells and Affects Decidual-Trophoblast Interactions.

Poor pregnancy outcomes such as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and preeclampsia are associated with impaired decidualization and abnormal trophoblast invasion. Emerging evidence suggests that use of corticosteroids, including prednisolone affects fertility by altering uterine function and may be associated with preeclampsia incidence. In this study, using primary and gestational-age appropriate tissue, we aimed to define the effect of prednisolone on human endometrial stromal fibroblast (hESF) decidualization and determine whether hESF decidualization in the presence of prednisolone would alter hESF regulation of trophoblast function.

Chronic systemic exposure to IL6 leads to deregulation of glycolysis and fat accumulation in the zebrafish liver.

Inflammation is a constant in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), although their relationship is unclear. In a transgenic zebrafish system with chronic systemic overexpression of human IL6 (IL6-OE) we show that inflammation can cause intra-hepatic accumulation of triglycerides. Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of the IL6-OE liver revealed a deregulation of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, especially a striking down regulation of the glycolytic enzyme aldolase b.

Factors Affecting Bacterial Adhesion on Selected Textile Fibres.

In sectors like healthcare and hospitality, it has been realized that fabrics play a pivotal role in transfer of nosocomial infections. However, there is a major gap in drawing correlation between different fibre types and their interaction with microorganisms. Such information is important to formulate guidelines for textile materials for use in these sectors.

Phosphomatics: interactive interrogation of substrate-kinase networks in global phosphoproteomics datasets.

Motivation: Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics can routinely identify and quantify thousands of phosphorylated peptides from a single experiment. However interrogating possible upstream kinases and identifying key literature for phosphorylation sites is laborious and time-consuming.

Results: Here, we present Phosphomatics-a publicly available web resource for interrogating phosphoproteomics data.

Human kidney stone matrix proteins alleviate hyperoxaluria induced renal stress by targeting cell-crystal interactions.

Increased levels of urinary oxalate also known as hyperoxaluria, increase the likelihood of kidney stone formation through enhanced calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization. The management of lithiatic renal pathology requires investigations at the initial macromolecular stages. Hence, the current study was designed to unravel the protein make-up of human kidney stones and its impact on renal cells' altered proteome, induced as the consequence of CaOx injury.

Galectin-7 Impairs Placentation and Causes Preeclampsia Features in Mice.

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy-induced disorder unique to humans. The etiology of preeclampsia is poorly understood; however, poor placental formation is thought causal. Galectin-7 is produced by trophoblast and is elevated in first-trimester serum of women who subsequently develop preeclampsia.

Epidemiology and Antifungal Susceptibility of Infections Caused by Species: An Emerging Non- and Non- Yeast Worldwide.

Introduction: Over the past four decades, there has been an increase in the number of fatal opportunistic invasive trichosporonosis cases especially in immunocompromised hosts.

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical details and antifungal susceptibility pattern of the patients with Trichosporon infections.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four clinical isolates of Trichosporon species isolated from blood, samples, pleural fluid and nail were included in this study, over a period of 12 years (2005-2016) in a tertiary hospital in North India.

Author Correction: Micro RNAs upregulated in Vitiligo skin play an important role in its aetiopathogenesis by altering TRP1 expression and keratinocyte-melanocytes cross-talk.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Dehydration-induced alterations in chloroplast proteome and reprogramming of cellular metabolism in developing chickpea delineate interrelated adaptive responses.

Chloroplast, the energy organelle unique to photosynthetic eukaryotes, executes several crucial functions including photosynthesis. While chloroplast development and function are controlled by the nucleus, environmental stress modulated alterations perceived by the chloroplasts are communicated to the nucleus via retrograde signaling. Notably, coordination of chloroplast and nuclear gene expression is synchronized by anterograde and retrograde signaling.

A robust method for nucleic acid extraction from fabrics to study bacterial diversity.

The importance of studying microbial load on fabrics has been recently realized with reports on fabrics being a source of spread of infection in medical and hospitality sectors. However, methodological limitations have restricted the analysis of microbial diversity on fabrics. Hence, the study aimed to develop a robust method for extraction of DNA from different types of fabrics.

Urinary EPCR and dermcidin as potential novel biomarkers for severe adult OSA patients.

Background: Due to low predictive values of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening tools, there is a need for biomarker for screening of OSA patients at an early stage. The aim of the study was to evaluate differentially expressed proteins in blood and urine samples of OSA patients.

Methods: In this study, we used isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) based proteomics approach to identify differentially expressed proteins, which were subsequently verified and validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique in adult OSA patients.

Micro RNAs upregulated in Vitiligo skin play an important role in its aetiopathogenesis by altering TRP1 expression and keratinocyte-melanocytes cross-talk.

Translation of genes is regulated by many factors including microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNA profiling of lesional and non-lesional epidermal RNA from 18 vitiligo patients revealed significant upregulation of 29 miRNAs in the lesional epidermis, of which 6 miRNAs were transfected in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) to study their downstream effects using quantitative proteomics. Many proteins involved in oxidative stress, Vesicle trafficking, Cellular apoptosis, Mitochondrial proteins and Keratins were regulated after miRNA transfections in the keratinocytes.

Hydrolysis of homocysteine thiolactone results in the formation of Protein-Cys-S-S-homocysteinylation.

An increased level of homocysteine, a reactive thiol amino acid, is associated with several complex disorders and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A majority (>80%) of circulating homocysteine is protein bound. Homocysteine exclusively binds to protein cysteine residues via thiol disulfide exchange reaction, the mechanism of which has been reported.