Cowden syndrome- Clinico-radiological illustration of a rare case.

Cowden syndrome (CS) or multiple hamartoma syndrome is an infrequent genodermatoses, which is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait resulting from the mutation in the Phosphatase and Tensin homolog gene on the arm 10q and is principally characterized by multiple hamartomas with an increased risk of development of malignancies. Facial and oral signs are remarkable in the form of multiple papules and trichilemmomas on the face. We report one such rare case of CS in a 19-year-old patient who was diagnosed on the basis of her oral mucosal lesions and was further investigated and diagnosed with other hamartomas.

Comparative evaluation of vertical dimension at rest before extraction, after extraction and after rehabilitation with complete denture - A Cephalometric study.

Introduction: The determination of physiologic rest position of the mandible to the maxillae is of paramount importance in almost all fields of dentistry. The stability of vertical dimension at rest has been controversial if the rest position of mandible remains constant throughout life or not. Despite of several studies on the rest position of the mandible and facial vertical dimension, certain fundamental disagreements remain unresolved.

Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of various post systems using different luting agents under tangential loading.

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of various post system using different luting agents under tangential loading after wet thermocycling.

Material & Methods: Seventy freshly extracted maxillary central incisors were endodontically treated and post-spaces were prepared to receive different post system. They were assigned to 7 groups.

Gemcitabine-loaded PLGA-PEG immunonanoparticles for targeted chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer.

The aim of the present study was the direct covalent coupling of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the surface of poly(lactide)-co-glycolide (PLGA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles in order to achieve a cell type-specific drug carrier system against pancreatic cancer. The PLGA-PEG-NH diblock copolymer was synthesized by coupling reaction via amide linkage between PEG-diamine and activated PLGA. PLGA and PLGA-PEG-NH nanoparticles loaded with gemcitabine were prepared using the double-emulsion solvent evaporation method.

Combined orthodontic and surgical correction of adult skeletal class II with hyperdivergent jaws.

A case of severe Class II skeletal malocclusion with anterior open bite having vertical growth pattern and matching soft tissue profile is presented. Considering age of the patient and the severity of the malocclusion, it was decided to combine orthodontic treatment with surgery. A 0.

Orodental findings in Hallermann-Streiff syndrome.

Hallermann-Streiff syndrome-also called occulomandibulofacial syndrome, Francois syndrome, oculomandibulodyscephaly with hypotrichosis, Aubry syndrome I, and Ullrich-Fremery-Dohna syndrome-is a rare genetic disorder, which comprisesmultiple congenital abnormalities affecting chiefly the head and face. It is characterized by bird-like facies, dental abnormalities, hypotrichosis, atrophy of skin, congenital cataracts, bilateral microphthalmia, and proportionate nanism. An interesting case of Hallermann-Streiff syndrome in a 23-year-old female patient is reported here, with the emphasis on the orodental findings.

Colloidal carriers: a rising tool for therapy of tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the second most deadly infectious disease, caused mainly by M. tuberculosis in humans, usually affecting the lungs; it also attacks other parts of the body. The design of novel antibiotics attempts to overcome drug resistance, to shorten the treatment course, and to reduce drug interactions with antiretroviral therapies.

Platelet activation profiles on TiO2: effect of Ca2+ binding to the surface.

Surface ion equilibrium is hypothesized to play an important role in defining the interactions between foreign materials and biological systems. In this study, we compare two surfaces with respect to their ability to activate adhering platelets. One is a commonly used implant material TiO(2), which binds Ca(2+), and the other one is glass, which does not.

Mucocele of the sphenoid sinus: A rare cause of reversible 3(rd) nerve palsy.

Ophthalmoplegia due to 3(rd) nerve palsy is a common occurrence, and is usually a sign of diabetes mellitus or a serious intracranial disease. We report a rare case of pupil sparing 3(rd) nerve palsy caused by mucocele of the sphenoid sinus. The patient regained 3(rd) nerve functions after successful decompression of the mucocele.

Optimization of DNA extraction from seeds and leaf tissues of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum) for polymerase chain reaction.

Chrysanthemums constitute approximately 30 species of perennial flowering plants, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to Asia and Northeastern Europe. Chrysanthemum is a natural cosmetic additive extracted from Chinese herb by modern biochemical technology. It has the properties of anti-bacterial, anti-viral, reducing (detoxification) and anti-inflammation.

Galactose decorated PLGA nanoparticles for hepatic delivery of acyclovir.

The present study explores prospective of surface tailored nanoparticles for targeted delivery of acyclovir along with the interception of minimal side effects. Acyclovir loaded plain and galactosylated poly lectic co glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were efficiently prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The formulations were evaluated for in vitro drug release and hemolysis.

Ultrasonography with color Doppler and power Doppler in the diagnosis of periapical lesions.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography (USG) with color Doppler and power Doppler applications over conventional radiography in the diagnosis of periapical lesions.

Materials And Methods: Thirty patients having inflammatory periapical lesions of the maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth and requiring endodontic surgery were selected for inclusion in this study. All patients consented to participate in the study.

Epigenetic mechanisms: critical contributors to long-term memory formation.

Recent advances in chromatin biology have identified a role for epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of neuronal gene expression changes, a necessary process for proper synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Experimental evidence for dynamic chromatin remodeling influencing gene transcription in postmitotic neurons grew from initial reports describing posttranslational modifications of histones, including phosphorylation and acetylation occurring in various brain regions during memory consolidation. An accumulation of recent studies, however, has also highlighted the importance of other epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone methylation, as playing a role in memory formation.

Possible role of epidermal growth factor receptors in the therapy of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is considered an 'orphan' cancer because of its relative low incidence. Unfortunately, even with early diagnosis, mortality rates are high and it ranks eighth in the worldwide ranking of deaths due to cancer. The administration of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of advanced disease has failed, and current research focuses on the understanding of molecular pathways in order to investigate the role of targeted therapy.

Combined oral contraceptive use increases HPV persistence but not new HPV detection in a cohort of women from Thailand.

Background: Women diagnosed with cervical cancer report longer duration and more recent use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs). It is unclear how COC use impacts risk of cervical carcinogenesis.

Methods: We estimated the risk of new human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection and persistence among 1135 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative women aged 20-37 years from Thailand who were followed for 18 months at 6-month intervals.

Development and validation of the Influenza Intensity and Impact Questionnaire (FluiiQ™).

Objective: Clinical trials of new agents to reduce the severity and impact of influenza require accurate assessment of the effect of influenza infection. Because there are limited high-quality adult influenza Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) measures, the aim was to develop and validate a simple but comprehensive questionnaire for epidemiological research and clinical trials.

Methods: Construct and item generation was guided by the literature, concept mapping, focus groups, and interviews with individuals with laboratory-confirmed influenza and expert physicians.

Emergence of 2009A/H1N1 cases in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India.

Objective: To determine virologic and epidemiologic characteristics of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India.

Methods: Nasal and throat swabs from patients with febrile acute respiratory illness (FARI) from August to December 2009 (n = 1401) were tested for 2009A/H1N1 and seasonal influenza A viruses by real-time RT-PCR.

Results: Of 1401 samples tested, 475 (33·9%) were positive for influenza A, of these majority (412; 87%) were 2009A/H1N1, whereas the remaining 63 (13%) were seasonal influenza A (49 were A/H3 and 14 were A/H1).

Development and evaluation of tripalmitin emulsomes for the treatment of experimental visceral leishmaniasis.

The antifungal and antileishmanial agent amphotericin B (AmB) was formulated in tripalmitin based nanosize lipid partices (emulsomes) for macrophage targeting for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Emulsomes were modified by coating them with macrophage-specific ligand (O-palmitoyl mannan, OPM). The antileishmanial activity of AmB (0.

Chitosan-based macrophage-mediated drug targeting for the treatment of experimental visceral leishmaniasis.

The potential of chitosan microparticles as a carrier of doxorubicin for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis was evaluated by macrophage-mediated drug targeting approach. Cationic charge of doxorubicin was masked by complexing it with dextran sulphate (a poly anion) in order to facilitate its incorporation into cationic chitosan microparticles. Prior to in vitro and in vivo studies, characterization studies were carried out systematically: particle size (∼1.

EGFR targeted PLGA nanoparticles using gemcitabine for treatment of pancreatic cancer.

The present study aimed to prepare and characterize anti EGFR monoclonal antibody (mab) conjugated Gemcitabine loaded PLGA nanoparticles for their selective delivery to pancreatic cells and evaluation of the systems in vitro. It was observed that direct covalent coupling of antibodies to glutaraldehyde activated nanoparticles is an appropriate method to achieve cell-type specific drug carrier systems based on polymeric nanoparticles that have potential to be applied for targeted chemotherapy in EGFR positive cancer.

Carbopol/chitosan based pH triggered in situ gelling system for ocular delivery of timolol maleate.

The poor bioavailability and therapeutic response exhibited by conventional ophthalmic preparations due to rapid precorneal elimination, dilution and nasolacrimal drainage of the drug may be vanquished by the use of in situ gelling systems that are instilled as drops in to the eye and undergo a sol-gel transition in the cul-de-sac. Timolol eye drops may cause systemic side effects in glaucoma patients due to absorption of the drug into systemic circulation. In situ gelling system of this drug can provide localized effect with reduced contraindications, improved patient compliance and better therapeutic index.

Emerging role of vesicular carriers for therapy of visceral leishmaniasis: conventional versus novel.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic protozoan infection that infects a million people living in subtropical and tropical areas. Drugs are the major treatment available against this fatal infection. Conventional chemotherapy of VL involves treatment with pen- tavalent antimonials, pentamidine, paromomycin, miltefosine, etc.