Preexposure Prophylaxis and Intimate Partner Violence Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Global Scoping Review of the Literature.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and are at an elevated risk of HIV acquisition. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective preventative measure against HIV. However, its adoption and consistent use among MSM, especially those experiencing IPV, is low.

Marginal health care expenditures and health-related quality of life burden in patients with migraine.

Background: Migraine, characterized by recurrent, severe headaches, presents a considerable challenge for patients, health care systems, and employers in the United States. However, there is a lack of recent estimates of the economic and humanistic burden in this population.

Objective: To assess the incremental burden of migraine on the total all-cause health care costs and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the United States, using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).

Cost-effectiveness of CDK4/6 inhibitors in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK 4/6) inhibitors have emerged as a significant advancement in the treatment of HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Despite the clinical efficacy of CDK 4/6 inhibitors in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer, there remains a significant gap in understanding their cost-effectiveness, particularly regarding the long-term economic impact and the key drivers of costs, when used in combination with endocrine therapy. This study aims to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of cost-effectiveness studies evaluating CDK4/6 inhibitors in treatment of HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer and identify key drivers of costs of CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy.

Comorbidity and polypharmacy among people with HIV stratified by age, sex, and race.

With an increase in life expectancy of people with HIV, there is a corresponding rise in comorbidities and consequent increases in comedications. This study compared comorbidity and polypharmacy among people with HIV and people without HIV stratified by age, sex, and race. This retrospective study utilised administrative claims data to identify adult people with HIV with antiretroviral therapy (ART) claims and HIV diagnosis codes from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2018.

A Scoping Review of the Current Landscape of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and Postexposure Prophylaxis in India.

This scoping review aimed to review and summarize the evidence related to the attitudes toward human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)/postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) among people at risk of HIV, health care workers (HCWs), and the general population in India. A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and PsycINFO was conducted from January 1, 2002, to February 1, 2024. The search field contained a combination of keywords and MeSH terms such as: HIV, PrEP, PEP knowledge, awareness, willingness, and practice.

Willingness to use PrEP among PrEP naïve men who have sex with men: a meta-analysis.

This study aimed to measure the pooled estimate of willingness to use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (WTUP) among PrEP-naïve United States (U.S.)-based men who have sex with men (MSM).

Risk Factors for Severe Maternal Morbidity Among Women Enrolled in Mississippi Medicaid.

Importance: Mississippi has one of the highest rates of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in the US, and SMMs have been reported to be more frequent among Medicaid-insured women. A substantial proportion of pregnant women in Mississippi are covered by Medicaid; hence, there is a need to identify potential risk factors for SMM in this population.

Objective: To examine the associations of health care access and clinical and sociodemographic characteristics with SMM events among Mississippi Medicaid-enrolled women who had a live birth.

Prevalence and Risk of Behavioral Symptoms among Patients with Insomnia and Alzheimer's Disease: A Retrospective Database Analysis.

Objectives: This study evaluated the prevalence and patterns of behavioral symptoms, including agitation/aggression (AA), psychotic symptoms (PS), anxiety/mood disorders (MD), and delirium among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their association with diagnosed insomnia.

Design: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using the MarketScan Multi-State Medicaid Database 2016-2020.

Setting And Participants: Patients aged ≥50 with newly diagnosed AD (N = 56,904) were identified during 2017-2019 and categorized into insomnia and non-insomnia groups based on billing codes recorded in medical and pharmacy claims.

Antiretroviral therapy among people with HIV with comorbidities in the United States: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To describe patterns of antiretroviral medications among people with HIV (PWH) who also have common comorbid conditions in a United States cohort.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used Optum Research Database claims data from 01/01/2017 through 01/31/2019 to identify adult PWH (≥18 years) based on pharmacy claims for ART during 2018. The index date was defined as the first date of an ART claim.

Overcoming defensive responding in the estimation of prevalence of non-medical use of prescription stimulants.

Background: Prevalence of Non-Medical Use of Prescription Stimulants (NMUPS) is estimated to be high among young adults enrolled in college. However, precise estimation of the prevalence of NMUPS is challenging owing to biases affecting self-report of sensitive and potentially illegal behaviors.

Objective: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of NMUPS using the crosswise randomized response technique (CRRT) and compare findings to the traditionally-used direct self-report (DSR) method.

Community pharmacists' readiness to take action to improve working conditions.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess pharmacists' readiness to take actions resulting in change at the individual level or systemic level.

Design/setting And Participants/outcome Measures: An online survey was distributed via pharmacy-related social media pages and several state pharmacy association newsletters and e-mail listservs. Fifteen items assessed participants' readiness to pursue change using a 5-point scale based on the transtheoretical model of behavior change (1 = Do not plan on doing, 2 = Plan to take in the next 6 months, 3 = Plan to take in the next month, 4 = Took in the past 6 months, 5 = Took more than 6 months ago).

Body mass index and quality of life in people living with HIV.

With advances in the treatment of HIV, people living with HIV (PLWH) are now expected to have a near-normal life expectancy, but challenges remain in the form of substantially poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than the general population. Being overweight or obese may pose an additional burden in PLWH, but few studies have evaluated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and HRQoL in PLWH. This study aimed to evaluate and describe the association between HRQoL and BMI among PLWH in the US.

Impact of food affordability on diabetes-related preventable hospitalization.

Objectives: This study aims to estimate the burden of food affordability on diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations among Medicaid enrollees in the United States.

Study Design: This study used a retrospective observational design with Medicaid administrative claims data from 17 states from 2014.

Methods: Data were linked with county-level social determinants of health (SDOH) from the American Community Survey.

Psychometric evaluation of the Health Care Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS) using Rasch analysis.

Introduction: The role of pharmacists is crucial in the care of individuals with HIV/AIDS. However, stigma in health care settings can be a deterrent to providing appropriate care. This paper assessed psychometric properties and convergent validity of the Health Care Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS) among pharmacy students in the United States (US) using Rasch analysis.

Food Insecurity in a Sample of Informal Caregivers in 4 Southern US States.

Introduction: Given the disproportionate burden of food insecurity in the southern US states and the high prevalence of caregiving in this area, we assessed caregiving-related predictors of food insecurity among caregivers in 4 southern US states.

Methods: We used data from the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for individuals aged 18 years or older who resided in Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee to assess the association between caregiving status and food insecurity, accounting for the complex survey design of BRFSS. Caregiving-related predictors of food insecurity were identified by using multivariable logistic regression.

Comorbidity and comedication burden among people living with HIV in the United States.

Objective: To describe the burden of comorbid conditions and comedications among people living with HIV (PLWH) vs. people living without HIV (PLWoH).

Methods: This was a case-control study conducted among insured patients using administrative claims data.

Retroactive application of the EPIS framework to promote future implementation success in community pharmacy clinical interventions.

Background: The assessment of the implementation process of a clinical intervention in a community pharmacy setting can reveal useful insights for future implementation efforts.

Objective: We aimed to examine the implementation of a community pharmacist-led prospective registry and practice tool (RING, Epidemiology Research Coordinating Center and the University of Alberta) designed to reduce cardiovascular risk among patients with diabetes and to assess how the participating pharmacists could be supported at each of these stages.

Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted developed using the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework.

Gabapentin and Opioids Utilization in Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy Enrolled in Medicare (2012-2016): A Cohort Study.

This retrospective cohort study describes the utilization of opioids and gabapentin among patients with diabetic neuropathy who were gabapentin and opioid naïve, and assesses predictors of concomitant use of opioids and gabapentin. Using Medicare claims data (2012-2016), 22 037 patients were identified, of whom 23.42% (N = 5161) initiated opioids without concomitant gabapentin, 4.