Publications by authors named "Swapnil Raskar"
Earlier biomarkers of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) treatment outcomes are critical to monitor shortened anti-TB treatment (ATT). To identify early microbiologic markers of unfavorable TB treatment outcomes. We performed a subanalysis of 2 prospective TB cohort studies conducted from 2013 to 2019 in India.
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- - The study investigated how sex differences affect tuberculosis (TB) severity, drug exposure, and treatment outcomes, revealing that women generally have a lower mycobacterial burden and face fewer unfavorable treatment outcomes than men.
- - Conducted in India with 1,541 participants, women had a significantly lower risk (35%) of treatment failure or recurrence, with specific factors like cavitary disease increasing risk for women, while men were impacted more by alcohol use and other health metrics.
- - Women demonstrated higher drug exposure levels for isoniazid compared to men, emphasizing the importance of considering sex differences when developing strategies to enhance TB treatment effectiveness.
Article Synopsis
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB), and a study in India compared treatment outcomes between TB patients with and without DM over 18 months.
- Among 799 participants, those with DM had a similar overall rate of unfavorable treatment outcomes (20% for TB-DM vs 21% for TB-only), but had higher mortality rates.
- The study highlighted that early mortality was significantly higher for TB patients with DM, suggesting a need for interventions to improve outcomes for this group.
Lipid mediators of inflammation and Resolution in individuals with tuberculosis and tuberculosis-Diabetes.
Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat
April 2020
Article Synopsis
- * A study involving 40 individuals (20 with newly diagnosed DM and 20 without) analyzed serum samples to quantify pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators, identifying specific lipid families that are abundant in each group.
- * Findings revealed that individuals with TB-DM exhibited stronger connections between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators than those with TB alone, suggesting a complex molecular balance at play in this comorbidity.
Background: Burden, phenotype and risk-factors of lung function defects in successfully treated tuberculosis cases are unclear.
Methods: We performed spirometry with bronchodilators in new drug-sensitive adult (≥18 years) pulmonary tuberculosis cases during the 12 months following successful treatment in India. Airflow obstruction was defined as pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<5th percentile of Global Lung Initiative mixed-ethnicity reference (lower limit of normal [LLN]).
Article Synopsis
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) are increasingly overlapping diseases, and their interaction can affect how well TB treatments work.
- A study involving 243 TB patients found that those with DM had lower concentrations of the anti-TB drug pyrazinamide, which can impede treatment effectiveness, particularly if HbA1c levels are high.
- Higher concentrations of isoniazid or rifampin did improve treatment outcomes for DM patients, but high pyrazinamide levels led to worse outcomes like treatment failure or relapse.