Remote Sensing Techniques for Water Quality Monitoring: A Review.

Freshwater resources are facing increasing challenges to water quality, due to factors such as population growth, human activities, climate change, and various human-made pressures. While on-site methods, as specified in the USGS water quality sampling handbook, are usually precise, they require more time, are costly, and provide data at specific points, which lacks the essential comprehensive geographic and temporal detail for water body assessment and management. Hence, conventional on-site monitoring methods are unable to provide a complete representation of freshwater systems.

Electrochemical and Optical Sensors for Real-Time Detection of Nitrate in Water.

The health and integrity of our water sources are vital for the existence of all forms of life. However, with the growth in population and anthropogenic activities, the quality of water is being impacted globally, particularly due to a widespread problem of nitrate contamination that poses numerous health risks. To address this issue, investigations into various detection methods for the development of in situ real-time monitoring devices have attracted the attention of many researchers.

Low-Cost Sensor for Continuous Measurement of Brix in Liquids.

This paper presents a Brix sensor based on the differential pressure measurement principle. Two piezoresistive silicon pressure sensors were applied to measure the specific gravity of the liquid, which was used to calculate the Brix level. The pressure sensors were mounted inside custom-built water-tight housings connected together by fixed length metallic tubes containing the power and signal cables.

Sensors and Instruments for Brix Measurement: A Review.

Quality assessment of fruits, vegetables, or beverages involves classifying the products according to the quality traits such as, appearance, texture, flavor, sugar content. The measurement of sugar content, or Brix, as it is commonly known, is an essential part of the quality analysis of the agricultural products and alcoholic beverages. The Brix monitoring of fruit and vegetables by destructive methods includes sensory assessment involving sensory panels, instruments such as refractometer, hydrometer, and liquid chromatography.

Study of Microchannels Fabricated Using Desktop Fused Deposition Modeling Systems.

Microfluidic devices are used to transfer small quantities of liquid through micro-scale channels. Conventionally, these devices are fabricated using techniques such as soft-lithography, paper microfluidics, micromachining, injection moulding, etc. The advancement in modern additive manufacturing methods is making three dimensional printing (3DP) a promising platform for the fabrication of microfluidic devices.

A Comprehensive Review of Microfluidic Water Quality Monitoring Sensors.

Water crisis is a global issue due to water contamination and extremely restricted sources of fresh water. Water contamination induces severe diseases which put human lives at risk. Hence, water quality monitoring has become a prime activity worldwide.