Musculoskeletal manifestations in type-2 diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital in a North-Eastern city of India-A cross-sectional observational study.

Background: Musculoskeletal manifestations of diabetes are common and not life threatening, but these are an important cause of morbidity, pain and disability among diabetic patients. In 2004, the National Health Interview Survey determined that 58% of diabetic patients would have musculoskeletal functional disability. This study was designed to estimate the proportion of musculoskeletal manifestations among Type 2 diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Tripura and also to determine the association of various musculoskeletal manifestations with glycaemic status, body mass index and duration of diabetes mellitus.

Assessment of serum nitric oxide level and its correlation with anthropometric parameters and lipid profile in diabetic patients: A hospital-based study from Tripura.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is a well-known finding in hyper-cholesterolaemic patients. Multiple factors including increased inactivation of nitric oxide by radicals and inhibition of nitric oxide formation by different mechanisms contribute to this.

Objectives: (i) To estimate serum nitric oxide (NO) levels among diabetic and non-diabetic subjects attending a tertiary care hospital of Tripura and (ii) to determine the correlation of serum nitric oxide with different anthropometric parameters and lipid profile among the study subjects.

Bone Regeneration by Multichannel Cylindrical Granular Bone Substitute for Regeneration of Bone in Cases of Tumor, Fracture, and Arthroplasty.

In orthopedics, a number of synthetic bone substitutes are being used for the repair and regeneration of damaged or diseased bone. The nature of the bone substitutes determines the clinical outcome and its application for a range of orthopedic clinical conditions. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the possible applications of multichannel granular bone substitutes in different types of orthopedic clinical conditions, including bone tumor, fracture, and bone defect with arthroplasty.

Role of body visceral fat in hypertension and dyslipidemia among the diabetic and nondiabetic ethnic population of Tripura-A comparative study.

Background: Excess fat in the upper part of human body correlates with increased mortality and risk for diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. In India, there are very limited data available on the association of excess body visceral fat with hypertension and dyslipidemia independent of obesity and diabetes.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the role of body visceral fat percentage in hypertension and dyslipidemia among diabetic and nondiabetic indigenous ethnic population of Tripura.

In vitro and in vivo assessment of biomedical Mg-Ca alloys for bone implant applications.

Background: Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys are considered to be promising materials for implant application due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties close to bone. However, low corrosion resistance and fast degradation are limiting their application. Mg-Ca alloys have huge potential owing to a similar density to bone, good corrosion resistance, and as Mg is essential for Ca incorporation into bone.

A Study of BMP-2-Loaded Bipotential Electrolytic Complex around a Biphasic Calcium Phosphate-Derived (BCP) Scaffold for Repair of Large Segmental Bone Defect.

A bipotential polyelectrolyte complex with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) powder dispersion provides an excellent option for protein adsorption and cell attachment and can facilitate enhanced bone regeneration. Application of the bipotential polyelectrolyte complex embedded in a spongy scaffold for faster healing of large segmental bone defects (LSBD) can be a promising endeavor in tissue engineering application. In the present study, a hollow scaffold suitable for segmental long bone replacement was fabricated by the sponge replica method applying the microwave sintering process.

Brushite-based calcium phosphate cement with multichannel hydroxyapatite granule loading for improved bone regeneration.

In this work, we report brushite-based calcium phosphate cement (CPC) system to enhance the in vivo biodegradation and tissue in-growth by incorporation of micro-channeled hydroxyapatite (HAp) granule and silicon and sodium addition in calcium phosphate precursor powder. Sodium- and silicon-rich calcium phosphate powder with predominantly tri calcium phosphate (TCP) phase was synthesized by an inexpensive wet chemical route to react with mono calcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) for making the CPC. TCP nanopowder also served as a packing filler and moderator of the reaction kinetics of the setting mechanism.

Hard tissue regeneration using bone substitutes: an update on innovations in materials.

Bone is a unique organ composed of mineralized hard tissue, unlike any other body part. The unique manner in which bone can constantly undergo self-remodeling has created interesting clinical approaches to the healing of damaged bone. Healing of large bone defects is achieved using implant materials that gradually integrate with the body after healing is completed.

Results from a dietary survey in an Indian T2DM population: a STARCH study.

Objective: To assess the dietary total and complex carbohydrate (CHO) contents in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participants in India.

Setting: We enrolled 796 participants in this cross-sectional, single-visit, multicentre, two-arm, single-country survey. Participants were enrolled from 10 specialty endocrinology/dialectology centres from five regions of India.

Platelet-rich plasma encapsulation in hyaluronic acid/gelatin-BCP hydrogel for growth factor delivery in BCP sponge scaffold for bone regeneration.

Microporous calcium phosphate based synthetic bone substitutes are used for bone defect healing. Different growth factor loading has been investigated for enhanced bone regeneration. The platelet is a cellular component of blood which naturally contains a pool of necessary growth factors that mediate initiation, continuation, and completion of cellular mechanism of healing.

The effects of dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate di-hydrochloride cross-linking of collagen and gelatin coating on porous spherical biphasic calcium phosphate granules.

Collagen- and gelatin-coated porous spherical granule was prepared by slurry dripping process using biphasic calcium phosphate powder. The coating was stabilized by cross-linking with dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate di-hydrogenchloride (DTBP). Afer DTBP cross-linking, the nanostructure of collagen- and gelatin-coated surfaces was changed from smooth to fibrous and net-like structure.

Fabrication of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds as artificial bone preform and its biocompatibility evaluation.

In this study, a novel porous hydroxyapatite scaffold was designed and fabricated to imitate natural bone through a multipass extrusion process. The conceptual design manifested unidirectional microchannels at the exterior part of the scaffold to facilitate rapid biomineralization and a central canal that houses the bone marrow. External and internal fissures were minimized during microwave sintering at 1,100 °C.

Bioactive glass incorporation in calcium phosphate cement-based injectable bone substitute for improved in vitro biocompatibility and in vivo bone regeneration.

In this work, we fabricated injectable bone substitutes modified with the addition of bioactive glass powders synthesized via ultrasonic energy-assisted hydrothermal method to the calcium phosphate-based bone cement to improve its biocompatibility. The injectable bone substitutes was initially composed of a powder component (tetracalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and calcium sulfate dehydrate) and a liquid component (citric acid, chitosan and hydroxyl-propyl-methyl-cellulose) upon which various concentrations of bioactive glass were added: 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. Setting time and compressive strength of the injectable bone substitutes were evaluated and observed to improve with the increase of bioactive glass content.

Fabrication of multilayer ZrO₂-biphasic calcium phosphate-poly-caprolactone unidirectional channeled scaffold for bone tissue formation.

We developed a continuously porous scaffold with laminated matrix and bone-like microstructure by a multi-pass extrusion process. In this scaffold, tetragonal ZrO₂, biphasic calcium phosphate and poly-caprolactone layers were arranged in a co-axially laminated unit cell with a channel in the center. The entire matrix phase had a laminated microstructure of alternate lamina of tetragonal ZrO₂, biphasic calcium phosphate and poly-caprolactone--biphasic calcium phosphate with optimized designed thickness and channeled porosity.

Microwave sintering and study of defect-free stable porous multilayered HAp-ZrO artificial bone scaffold.

Continuously porous hydroxyapatite (HAp)/t-ZrO composites containing concentric laminated frames and microchanneled bodies were fabricated by an extrusion process. To investigate the mechanical properties of HAp/t-ZrO composites, the porous composites were sintered at different temperatures using a microwave furnace. The microstructure was designed to imitate that of natural bone, particularly small bone, with both cortical and spongy bone sections.

Initial biocompatibility and enhanced osteoblast response of Si doping in a porous BCP bone graft substitute.

Granular shape biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bone grafts with and without doping of silicon cations were evaluated in regards to biocompatibility and MG-63 cellular response. To do this we studied Cellular cytotoxicity, cellular adhesion and spreading behavior and cellular differentiation with alizarin red S staining. Gene expression in MG-63 cells on the implanted bone substitutes was also examined at different time points using RT-PCR.

Fabrication of bioglass infiltrated Al(2)O (3)-(m-ZrO (2)) composites.

Using 80 vol.% of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a pore-forming agent to obtain interconnected porous bodies, porous Al(2)O(3)-(m-ZrO(2)) bodies were successfully fabricated. The pores were about 200 microm in diameter and were homogeneously dispersed in the Al(2)O(3)-25 vol.