Effectiveness of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Against Penile HPV Infection in Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women.

Background: In the United States, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been recommended since 2011 for boys aged 11-12 years, with catch-up vaccination recommended through age 26 years for previously unvaccinated men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods: During 2016-2018, a cross-sectional study enrolled MSM and transgender women aged 18-26 years in Seattle, Washington. Participants submitted self-collected penile swab specimens for HPV genotyping.

Sensitivity of Self-Reported Human Papillomavirus Vaccination History Among 18- to 26-Year-Old Men Who Have Sex With Men: Seattle, WA, 2016 to 2018.

Background: We assessed the sensitivity of self-reported human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among young adult men who have sex with men (MSM) with documented HPV vaccination.

Methods: During 2016-2018, MSM and transgender women aged 18 to 26 years were enrolled in Seattle, WA. A history of HPV vaccination was assessed via self-administered survey, clinic electronic medical records, and the Washington State Immunization Information System.

Vaccine Effectiveness Against Prevalent Anal and Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men-United States, 2016-2018.

Background: In the United States, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been recommended for young adult men who have sex with men (MSM) since 2011.

Methods: The Vaccine Impact in Men study surveyed MSM and transgender women aged 18-26 years in 3 US cities during 2016-2018. Self-collected anal swab and oral rinse specimens were assessed for 37 types of HPV.

Administrative and Related Barriers to Covering the Costs of Preexposure Prophylaxis at a Safety-net Clinic in Seattle, Washington.

One barrier to human immunodeficiency virus preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is lack or perceived lack of health insurance or financial assistance. We performed a medical records review at a safety-net PrEP clinic in Seattle, Washington, and found that barriers to obtaining financial assistance were commonly recorded in association with initiation and persistence on PrEP.

Trends in Serosorting and the Association With HIV/STI Risk Over Time Among Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Background: Serosorting among men who have sex with men (MSM) is common, but recent data to describe trends in serosorting are limited. How serosorting affects population-level trends in HIV and other sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk is largely unknown.

Methods: We collected data as part of routine care from MSM attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic (2002-2013) and a community-based HIV/sexually transmitted disease testing center (2004-2013) in Seattle, WA.

Performance of Determine Combo and other point-of-care HIV tests among Seattle MSM.

Background And Objective: The rapid test study was a real-time comparison of point-of-care (POC) HIV tests to determine their abilities to detect early HIV infection.

Study Design: Men and transgender persons reporting sex with men in the prior year were recruited at the Public Health-Seattle & King County STD Clinic, Gay City Health Project, and University of Washington Primary Infection Clinic. Study tests included the OraQuick ADVANCE Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test performed on oral fluids and tests performed on fingerstick whole blood specimens including OraQuick, Uni-Gold Recombigen HIV test, Determine HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo, and INSTI HIV-1 Rapid Antibody Test.

Relative accuracy of serum, whole blood, and oral fluid HIV tests among Seattle men who have sex with men.

Background: Point-of-care (POC) rapid HIV tests have sensitivity during the "window period" comparable only to earliest generation EIAs. To date, it is unclear whether any POC test performs significantly better than others.

Objective: Compare abilities of POC tests to detect early infection in real time.

Fire-mediated pathways of stand development in Douglas-fir/ western hemlock forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA.

Forests dominated by Douglas-fir and western hemlock in the Pacific Northwest of the United States have strongly influenced concepts and policy concerning old-growth forest conservation. Despite the attention to their old-growth characteristics, a tendency remains to view their disturbance ecology in relatively simple terms, emphasizing infrequent, stand-replacing (SR) fire and an associated linear pathway toward development of those old-growth characteristics. This study uses forest stand- and age-structure data from 124 stands in the central western Cascades of Oregon to construct a conceptual model of stand development under the mixed-severity fire regime that has operated extensively in this region.

Why do men who have sex with men test for HIV infection? Results from a community-based testing program in Seattle.

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends at least annual HIV testing for men who have sex with men (MSM), but motivations for testing are not well understood.

Methods: We evaluated data from MSM testing for HIV at a community-based program in King County, Washington. Correlates of regular testing were examined using generalized estimating equation regression models.

HIV intertest interval among MSM in King County, Washington.

Objectives: The authors examined temporal trends and correlates of HIV testing frequency among men who have sex with men (MSM) in King County, Washington.

Methods: The authors evaluated data from MSM testing for HIV at the Public Health-Seattle & King County (PHSKC) STD Clinic and Gay City Health Project (GCHP) and testing history data from MSM in PHSKC HIV surveillance. The intertest interval (ITI) was defined as the number of days between the last negative HIV test and the current testing visit or first positive test.

Ecosystem stewardship: sustainability strategies for a rapidly changing planet.

Ecosystem stewardship is an action-oriented framework intended to foster the social-ecological sustainability of a rapidly changing planet. Recent developments identify three strategies that make optimal use of current understanding in an environment of inevitable uncertainty and abrupt change: reducing the magnitude of, and exposure and sensitivity to, known stresses; focusing on proactive policies that shape change; and avoiding or escaping unsustainable social-ecological traps. As we discuss here, all social-ecological systems are vulnerable to recent and projected changes but have sources of adaptive capacity and resilience that can sustain ecosystem services and human well-being through active ecosystem stewardship.

Correlates of nonparticipation in an HIV prevention program for MSM.

Providing HIV prevention services to high-risk individuals remains challenging. We assessed factors associated with nonparticipation among high-risk, sexually active MSM found eligible to participate in a brief, telephone-delivered HIV prevention trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of motivational enhancement therapy (the Sex Check). Two levels of nonparticipation are evaluated: eligible participants who did versus those who did not complete their baseline/enrollment interview, and enrolled participants who did versus those who did not attend any of their counseling sessions.

Marketing the 'Sex Check': evaluating recruitment strategies for a telephone-based HIV prevention project for gay and bisexual men.

Designing effective marketing and recruitment strategies for HIV prevention research requires attention to cultural relevance, logistical barriers, and perceived psychosocial barriers to accessing services. McGuire's communication/persuasion matrix (1985) guided our evaluation, with particular attention to success of each marketing "channel" (i.e.

11-Methyl-2,3-benzodipyrrin-1-one.

The title compound {alternative names: 11-methyl-2,3-benzopyrromethenone and 3-[(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-one}, C(14)H(12)N(2)O, was prepared by the base-catalysed condensation of phthalimidine with 2-formyl-1-methylpyrrole; yellow orthorhombic crystals, space group Pbca, were obtained from ethanol. The molecule is almost planar, having Z(-)antiperiplanar geometry. The molecules are arranged in pairs with intermolecular hydrogen bonding between lactam functions.

Mineral wealth and medical opportunity.

With the increase in population and in colonial revenues after the discovery of diamonds and gold in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, public and private hospitals proliferated, particularly in larger centres such as Cape Town. The numbers of practitioners engaged in public health also increased. Perhaps as important, doctors were now accepted as skilled professionals and remunerated accordingly.

Influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on racial differences in late-stage presentation of breast cancer.

Context: Breast cancer mortality is higher among African American women than among white women in the United States, but the reasons for the racial difference are not known.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on the racial difference in breast cancer stage at diagnosis.

Design: Case-control study of patients diagnosed as having breast cancer at the University Medical Center of Eastern Carolina from 1985 through 1992.

Mortality study of employees engaged in the manufacture and use of hydroquinone.

Mortality in a 1942-1990 cohort of 858 men and 21 women employed in the manufacture and use of hydroquinone was evaluated through 1991. Average exposure concentrations, 1949-1990, ranged from 0.1 to 6.

Difficulties in diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast in patients less than fifty years of age.

Delay in diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast is a significant cause of medical malpractice suits in the United States. Although less than one-third of the patients with carcinoma of the breast are less than 50 years of age, more than two-thirds of these suits involve women less than 50 years of age. To see whether or not there are medical factors that make diagnosis in young women more difficult, we reviewed all patient visits to the East Carolina University (ECU) Breast Clinic between 1 January 1988 and 30 June 1991.

New Forestry Principles from Ecosystem Analysis of Pacific Northwest Forests.

Forest management practices on Federal lands in the Pacific Northwest of the United States have been the center of intense controversy. Conflicting value systems, new information, and new perspectives have fueled the debate over the balance between timber production and preservation of natural ecosystems. In this paper we consider examples from three aspects of forest management: (1) management of forest stands, (2) management of the patchwork of forest stands at the landscape scale, and (3) management of streams and riparian networks.