[Immunochromatographic and latex-agglutination systems for diphtheria toxin detection].

The use of two monoclonal antibody types specific to different epitopes of diphtheria toxin systems have been developed to reveal diphtheria corynebacteria toxigenicity rapidly based on immunochromatographic and latex-agglutination detection of the diphtheria toxin. The methods have been tested on a sample of 36 clinical isolates. The possibility of significant detection of the toxigenic properties of the Corynebacterium strain, grown for 1 day, has been demonstrated.

[Identification of heterologous antitoxin in sera of patients with diphtheria].

Using immobilized diphtheria toxin and peroxidase conjugate of monoclonal antibodies to light chains of equine immunoglobulin a method of quantification of equine antibodies against diphtheria in sera of patients after serotherapy was developed. The sensitivity of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 0.0005 IU/ml, and coefficient of variation did not exceed 10%.

Genetic divergence and phylogenetic independence of Far Eastern species in subfamily Leuciscinae (Pisces: Cyprinidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA analyses.

Classification of freshwater fish in the subfamily Leuciscinae, Cyprinidae is hampered by complexity or lack of morphological diversity. In this study, analyses based on mtDNA sequences were undertaken to clarify phylogenetic relationships among Far Eastern, North American and European species in the Leuciscinae. Evolutionary rate in cytochrome b gene (Cyt-b) and D-loop sequences appear to be almost constant in Leuciscinae.

[Development of monoclonal latex diagnostic kit for diphtheria toxin and toxoid detection].

Latex diagnostic kit with high specificity and sensitivity of diphtheria toxin and toxoid detection has been developed on the basis of protective monoclonal antibodies to diphtheria toxin and polyacrolein microspheres. Diagnostic kit was stable during 1 year of shelf-life (time of the study).

[Study of diphtheria anatoxins in immunochemical and tissue culture assays].

Equine diphtheria antitoxins from different manufacturers were studied. Their immunochemical interaction with diphtheria toxin, toxoid, and antigens of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in ELISA and immunoblotting assays as well as biological activity in CHO cell assay were compared. The discovered differences between antitoxin samples with stated equal activity in IU/ml point to heterogeneity of antigen composition in preparations used for immunization.

[The humoral immunity against diphtheria].

Results of the conducted study showed that naturally acquired antibacterial and postvaccinal antitoxic antibodies against diphtheria were found in human blood sera. Challenge of ADT-M toxoid to adults resulted in production of antitoxic as well as antibacterial antibodies in high concentrations. In response to challenge of ADT-M toxoid simultaneously with bacterial vaccine against diphtheria Codivac both antibacterial and antitoxic antibodies were synthesized in blood on optimal physiologic levels.

[Use of monoclonal antibodies against horse immunoglobulin in an enzyme immunoassay of bacterial toxins and anatoxins].

Immunization of BALB/c mice by horse antiserum against diphtheria made it possible to obtain IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) 2B7E4 specific for light chains of horse immunoglobulin (Ig). Unlike commercial preparations of anti-horse immunoglobulin antibodies, which are specific for the whole Ig molecule or its Fc-fragment, the peroxidase (HRP) conjugate of the MoAb, 2B7E4-HRP did not interact with human, mouse, rabbit, and sheep Igs, or horse albumin. The conjugate obtained was used with MoAbs against bacterial toxins and commercial horse anatoxins, as a universal reagent in sandwich enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for bacterial toxins and anatoxins.

[Application of minimally invasive lumbar sympathectomy in the treatment of patients with obliterating diseases of the lower extremity vessels].

The method of performance and immediate results of miniinvasive lumbar sympathectomy using retroperitoneal miniaccess were adduced in the work. In 2005 yr on the base of division of vascular surgery were operated 19 patients. Application of endoscopic instruments and optic system of illumination gave the possibility to remove lumbar sympathetic nodes in conditions of narrow (3-5 cm) surgical access and operative field.

[Enzyme immunoassay of immune complexes formed in vitro via interactions of serum antibodies with diphtheria toxin].

The interaction of diphtheria toxin with serum antitoxin antibodies has been studied by enzyme immunoassay at variable ratios of the original amounts of the antigen and antibodies in the reaction mixture. Under the conditions of excess of the antibodies, the free toxin is not detected, and free antibodies account for 68 to 98% of the original amount. Under the conditions of excess of the toxin, free antibodies account for 2 to 7% of the original amount and free toxin, for 80-100% of its original level.

Measuring the solubilities of ionic liquids in water using ion-selective electrodes.

Polyvinyl chloride-plasticized membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISE) based on conventional ion-exchangers have been proposed as a cheap universal tool to measure the solubilities of ionic liquids (ILs) in water. They are applicable for ILs with a wide range of solubilities in water, since the linear range of a potentiometric response spans several orders of magnitude. As an example, we have fabricated and tested ISEs for widely used alkylimidazolium ionic liquids.

[Determination of tetanus toxin and toxoid by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies].

The procedure of obtaining monoclonal antibodies TT-1, TT-2, and TT-3 against tetanus toxin/toxoid is described. It is shown that both commercial DTP vaccine and tetanus toxoid conjugated with a low-molecular-weight hapten can be used an immunogens. Monoclonal antibodies TT-1 and TT-2 neutralized tetanus toxin in vivo.

[Peroxidase refolding in the presence of specific antibodies].

A panel of eight monoclonal antibodies raised against horseradish root peroxidase has been assembled and characterized. Affinity constants were determined for all antibodies, and their specificity for various structural forms of the enzyme (native peroxidase, apoperoxidase, and denatured peroxidase) were assessed by competitive enzyme immunoassay. The effects of the antibodies on the process of refolding of peroxidase after its denaturing with 6.

[Genetic divergence of Far Eastern dace species belonging to the genus Tribolodon (Pisces, Cyprinidae) and closely related taxa].

Based on a biochemical-genetic approach, heterozygosity and divergence of structural genes of 30 enzyme loci were analyzed in six dace species. In addition, intra- and interspecific divergence of gene expression was analyzed based on a sample of 12 to 15 loci. Mean heterozygosities per individual varied as follows: Tribolodon species, Hobs = 0.

[Comparative immunochemical characteristics of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to aflatoxin B1].

Four hybrid clones (MM-(AB1)-1, MM-(AB1)-2, MM-(AB1)-3, and MM-(AB1)-4) were obtained by hybridoma technology with immunization of BALB/c mice with a BSA conjugate of aflatoxin B1 carboxymethyloxime derivative. Antibodies produced by these clones varied in the ability to recognize the aflatoxin B1 analogues. The sensitivity of enzyme immunoassay based on all monoclonal antibodies was higher compared to analysis based on polyclonal rabbit antibodies (0.

[The estimation of the amount of diphtheria toxin and its activity by various tests in the dynamic cultivation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae PW8].

Direct correlation between the results of tests for the biological activity of diphtheria toxin, carried out in vivo guinea pigs and in vitro in the microcytotoxicity test in CHO cell culture, has been established, which makes it possible to use the latter as one of the methods for the rapid, reproducible and economic evaluation of diphtheria toxin. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of diphtheria toxin in the enzyme immunoassay with the use of monoclonal antibodies and in the microcytotoxicity test demonstrates that these two tests, when used for controlling cultivation processes, have essential advantages over the flocculation test as regards their specificity and information content.

[Preparation and characteristics of antibodies to a sulfur-containing hapten, mimicking the transition state in lactamization reactions].

A sulfur-containing hapten was proposed to be an analogue of the tetrahedral transition state of lactamization reactions. The dynamics of the immune response to this hapten upon using different immunization schemes was studied. Sixty-one clones of mouse anti-hapten antibodies were obtained.

[An acellular pertussis vaccine based on the natural complex of antigens isolated from the supernatant of a synthetic culture medium].

A highly effective technology for obtaining a protective antigenic complex, including the main Bordetella pertussis protective antigens (pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, agglutinogens, pertactin and adenylate cyclase) and isolated from the supernatant of B. pertussis cultivation medium, has been developed. A new method for the detoxication of antigenic complex which more available to preserve the protective property was suggested.

[The immune response to Pseudomonas pseudomallei in vitro].

The results of studies made with the aim of selecting conditions for inducing immune response to P.pseudomallei are presented. The study revealed that the dose of the antigen, the amount of macrophages and the development of the process in stages are the decisive factors for inducing immune response.

[The assessment of a state of tension in a pilot by bloodless biochemical and immunological study methods].

Immunological and biochemical study of salivary liquid was carried out in order to estimate the tensity state of a pilot in operating conditions. These studies were conducted in the period of flight-development tests during man-compartible estimation of the cockpit of a light aircraft. The existence of natrium and secretory "A"-immunoglobulin in saliva in combination with psychophysiological parameters of tensity made it possible to reveal different levels of tensity proliferation (slight, moderate, strong and very strong).