Screening for tuberculosis infection and effectiveness of preventive treatment among people with HIV in low-incidence settings.

Objective: To determine the yield of screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among people with HIV (PWH) in low tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries (<10 TB cases per 100 000 persons).

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess prevalence and predictive factors of LTBI, rate of TB progression, effect of TB preventive treatment (TPT), and numbers needed to screen (NNS).

Methods: PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched for studies reporting primary data, excluding studies on active or paediatric TB.