Superior Mesenteric Arteriovenous Fistula Presenting with Massive Lethal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding 14 Years after Small Bowel Resection.

Background: Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) of the superior mesenteric vasculature are rarely encountered. We present a case of an iatrogenic superior mesenteric AVF in a patient who had undergone a small bowel resection 14 years previously.

Case Report: The 45-year-old male was admitted with bloody diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and moderate ascites.

Distribution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in population of Vojvodina, Serbia.

Background: Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are glycoproteins regulating the response of natural killer (NK) cells and a few sub-sets of T-cells. The KIR gene frequencies and genotype content vary considerably among different ethnic groups.

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse KIR gene polymorphism in the population of Vojvodina and to compare it with selected worldwide populations.

Prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies in Serbian blood donors.

Introduction: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is rarely reported in industrialized countries, but recent studies have revealed quite variable seroprevalence rates among European populations, including blood donors. In Serbia, very limited data about HEV seroprevalence are available. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies and HEV RNA in the sera of volunteer blood donors in Serbia.

HLA class I and class II polymorphism in the population of Vojvodina, Serbia.

The HLA (Human Leucocyte Antigens) class I and class II polymorphism in a sample population of 250 Vojvodinians using standard microlymphocytotoxicity test was investigated. The antigens with the highest frequencies were: HLA-A2 (50.4%), A1 (24.

[General calculating model of the needs for allogenic stem cell transplantation for the patients with leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in Vojvodina].

Introduction: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) application represents a treatment of choice that enables the eradication of malignant clone and chance for remedy of the patients with hematological diseases. Only 30-40% of the potential patients for allogeneic SCT have an HLA identical sibling, due to the fact that families in most of the developed countries are relatively small.

Material And Methods: This study gives a general model for calculating the needs for allogeneic SCT which, enables calculation of the needs for allogeneic SCT per 1 million inhabitants of Vojvodina on basis of number of potential patients who could be treated by allogeneic SCT The number of beds required for transplanted patients, and of days in hospital per year as well as the estimation of financial aspect of allogeneic SCT have been calculated by means of the cummulative risk method, considering the following parameters: the relative number of patients suffering from ANLL, ALL, CML, CLL and MDS, 45 and 55-year-old and younger, total incidence/ 100,000 inhabitants for each investigated disease and the average number of days in hospital of transplanted patients.

[Clinical relevance of KIRs in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

Introduction: Natural Killer cells (NK cells) represent the subset of peripheral lymphocytes that play critical role in the innate immune response to virus-infected and tumor transformed cells. Lysis of NK sensitived target cells could be mediated independently of antigen stimulation, and unlike cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, they do not require peptide presentation by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. NK cell cytotoxic activity is controlled by considerable number of cell surface Killer cell Immunoglobulin like Receptors (KIRs), which can exist in both inhibitory and activating isoforms.

[Natural killer cells--biology, functions and clinical relevance].

Unlabelled: INTRODUCTION; Natural Killer cells (NK cells) represent the subset of peripheral lymphocytes that play critical role in the innate immune response to virus-infected and tumor transformed cells. Lysis of NK sensitive target cells could be mediated independently of antigen stimulation and without requirement of peptide presentation by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. NK cell activity and functions are controlled by a considerable number of cell surface receptors, which exist in both inhibitory and activating isoforms.

[Relevance of polymerase chain reaction technique in immunogenetics and histocompatibility].

Introduction: During the last decade of the previous century, among many of developing sciences, molecular biology had the most important position. The greatest influence on the development of scientific knowledge had been brought by discovery of PCR technique, that showed numerous advantages in comparison to the existing techniques.

Pcr Procedure: The capability of PCR technique to amplify specific DNA sequences, in a simple, automatic procedure, accelerated the development of many fields in molecular biology researches such as cloning, identification of new genes and pathogenes, determination and quantification of nucleotide sequences, thus opening fields of experimental investigations and its clinical application.

[Morphometrical analysis of bone marrow metamyelocyte in pernicious anemia].

Introduction: In pernicious anemia besides the presence of megaloblasts in the bone marrow, changes in myeloid series were seen; being the most evident among the metamyelocyte. The aim of this study was to perform the quantification of metamyelocyte of the bone marrow in pernicious anemia.

Material And Methods: Between 2000-2006 in the Clinic of Hematology-Nis, 68 patients with pernicious anemia were examined and 30 with dyspeptic syndrome (control group).

[Distribution of HLA antigens in families of patients with leukaemias].

Introduction: Since the discovery of major histocompatibility complex influence on cause leukaemia in 1964, an HIA association with leukaemia in humans has been considered as a possible genetic risk factor that contributes to development of leukaemia. In addition to associations of several HLA antigens with leukaemias, it has been observed that patients with leukaemia have an increase in the frequency of HLA identical siblings, higher degree of HLA compatibility with their parents as well as higher parental HLA sharing rate in comparison to the families without patients suffering from leukaemia.

Material And Methods: To test hypothesis that susceptibility to leukaemia can be caused by influence of a recessive genes associated with the major histocompatibility complex in man, we analysed the distribution of I class HLA antigens in 77 families of patients suffering from different types of leukaemia.

[Implications of HLA linkage disequilibrium phenomenon in finding unrelated volunteer bone marrow donors].

Introduction: The distribution of HLA genes and haplotypes in the normal population is of considerable importance in disease susceptability studies, population and genetic studies and tissue and organ transplantation. The HLA phenotype frequencies can be used for the estimation of the probability of finding phenotypically identical unrelated volunteer bone marrow donors. It has been presumed that patients with HLA haplotypes in strong linkage disequilibrium, a have higher probability of finding HLA identical unrelated donors than others.

Predictive calculation of effectiveness of a regional bone marrow donor registry in Vojvodina, Serbia.

The aim of this study was to determine the percentages of patients from Vojvodina who would find at least one HLA identical unrelated donor in various sizes of donor files. To determine the probability that 200 patients will have given phenotype, we defined three-locus haplotype frequencies through the phenotype frequencies of HLA A,B and DR antigens as well as observed AB and BDR haplotype frequencies. Then we calculated the percentages of patients theoretically able to have at least one HLA identical donor in a donor file of a certain size.

[The probability of finding HLA identical or partially matched unrelated donors in the population of Vojvodina].

Introduction: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors are treatments of choice for patients lacking HLA identical siblings or family matched donors.

Material And Methods: Class I HLA typing was performed by using a standard microlymphocytotoxicity test in 434 unrelated persons from Vojvodina, while, class II HLA typing was performed using a modified immunofluorescent technique. The estimated gene frequencies for the populations of Crete, Korea, China, Scotland, Romania, and North America, were used to calculate phenotype frequencies, the probability of finding HLA identical or partially (in 5/6 HLA antigens) matched unrelated donors, the number of donors necessary for research, as well as genetic distances between populations.

[Identification of anti-HLA-A1 antibodies in a multi-transfused patient--case report].

Introduction: HLA antibodies develop as a result of alloimmunization to HLA class I and II antigens. Their appearance is associated with frequent blood transfusions, allogeneic tissue and organ transplantation, pregnancy and immunization. It is established that after usage of single dose HLA nonmatched leukocytes, circulating lymphocytotoxic antibodies appear in serum of recipients, 10 to 12 days after alloimmunization.

[Distribution of the ABO, Rh, MNSs, Kell and Duffy blood group antigens in the population of Vojvodina].

Introduction: Analysis of erythrocyte blood group antigen polymorphisms and genetic variability in population of Vojvodina was performed by investigating gene and genotype frequencies which determine antigens of ABO, Rh, MNSs, Kell and Duffy blood-group systems.

Material And Methods: We investigated 350 unrelated persons from Vojvodina in regard to appurtenance of ABO, Rh, MNSs, Kell and Duffy blood-group systems. We calculated gene, genotype, phenotype frequencies and proportion significance test.

[Association of class II HLA antigens and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the population of Vojvodina].

Introduction: Class II HLA antigens were investigated in a group of 28 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 218 healthy unrelated persons (control group) from Vojvodina.

Material And Methods: We used a modified two-colour immunofluorescence method (serologic technique) to determine the phenotype of DR and DQ locus HlA antigens. Phenotype frequencies of class II HLA antigens were determined in both investigated groups and were used for calculating relative risk (RR).

[Immunologic reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation--parameters of monitoring and current methods of its evaluation].

Introduction: Despite engraftment and function of graft after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation severe immune suppression is a characteristics of early posttransplant period. Primary parameters contributing to posttransplant immuno-incompetence include: lack of sustained transfer of donor antigen specific immunity, recapitulation of immunological ontogeny, effect of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and its therapy and reduction of the recipient's thymic function.

Normal Immune Reconstitution Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (hsct): Immune reconstitution following allogeneic HSCT depends on the age of recipient, initial pathology, degree of HLA and minor histocompatibility antigen mismatches, T-cell depletion and use of anti-T-cell antibodies for conditioning and prevention of GvHD, posttransplant complications such as acute and chronic GvHD, relapse of disease and infectious status of the donor and recipient prior to transplantation.

[Prions--clinical significance, epidemiology and possibilities of transmission through blood and blood products].

Introduction: Prions play a leading role in development of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE). These infectious particles, smaller than viruses and viroids, consist of special kind of proteins and don't contain nucleic acids. Due to that, they are named defective viruses.