Development and optimization of an HPLC analysis of citalopram and its four nonchiral impurities using experimental design methodology.

In this study, the RP-HPLC method was investigated for the separation of citalopram and its four impurities by use of statistical experimental design. Initially, the influence of different experimental conditions (buffer pH, flow rate, and column temperature) on the chromatographic behavior of citalopram and its four impurities was investigated by use of partial least squares regression (PLSR) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural networks (ANNs) trained by back-propagation. The developed models and the corresponding response surface plots were used to select the optimal HPLC conditions, buffer pH 7.

Obstacles in the diagnostics and therapy of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

An immune-mediated, severe, acquired prothrombotic disorder, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II (HIT II) occurs in 0.5-5% of patients exposed to unfractionated heparin longer than 5-7 days. Arterial and venous thromboses are induced by HIT II in about 35-50% of patients.