Structural Coloration on Titanium Films by Direct Femtosecond Laser Patterning Empowered by Neural Networks.

Pulsed laser radiation enables high-performing modification of material interfaces, yielding the formation of diverse nanostructures. In particular cases, the imprinted nanostructures permanently modify the optics of the patterned surface through interference, scattering, absorption, or diffraction effects, resulting in its structural coloration with nonfading, stable, and vivid hues. Despite substantial progress achieved in the field of laser-assisted structural coloration of surfaces, there is still a huge need for methods combining facile realization, high resolution unachievable with the best inkjet printers, as well as different coloration schemes realized within a single sample.