Sociability and pair-bonding in gerbils: a comparative experimental study.

In a study of gerbils with contrasting social and mating systems (group-living monogamous Mongolian gerbil , solitary nonterritorial promiscuous midday jird , and solitary territorial promiscuous pale gerbil ), we employed partner preference tests (PPTs) to assess among-species variation in sociability and pair-bonding patterns and tested whether the nature of contact between individuals: direct contact (DC) versus nondirect contact (NDC) affected our results. We measured male preferences as the time: 1) spent alone, 2) with familiar (partner), and 3) unfamiliar (stranger) female in the 3-chambered apparatus. Gerbil species differed strongly in sociability and male partner preferences.

Risk factors associated with fast-track ineligibility after monitored anesthesia care in ambulatory surgery patients.

Background: Fast-tracking after ambulatory anesthesia has been advocated as a pathway to improve efficiency and maximize resources without compromising patient safety and satisfaction. Studies reporting successful fast-tracking focus primarily on anesthesia techniques and not on specific patient factors, surgical procedure, or process variables associated with unsuccessful fast-tracking. We performed this retrospective study to implement a process for improving fast-tracking, measure change over time, and identify variables associated with patients unable to fast-track successfully after monitored anesthesia care.