Toll-Like Receptor Genes and Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in People Infected with HIV-1.

The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of genetic factors, i.e., the level of expression and polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors (TLR), to the susceptibility of latent tuberculosis infection in a Russian cohort of individuals infected with HIV.

Association of Toll-Like Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Tuberculosis in HIV-Positive Participants.

Genetic factors in the HIV-background may play a significant role in the susceptibility to secondary diseases, like tuberculosis, which is the leading cause in mortality of HIV-positive people. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are considered to be receptors for adaptive immunity, and polymorphisms in TLR genes can influence the activity of the immune response to infection. We conducted a case-control study of the association of TLR gene polymorphisms with the risk of tuberculosis coinfection in a multi-country sample of HIV-positive participants.

TLRs Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Pneumonia before and during COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The progression of infectious diseases depends on the characteristics of a patient's innate immunity, and the efficiency of an immune system depends on the patient's genetic factors, including SNPs in the genes. In this pilot study, we determined the frequency of alleles in these SNPs in a subset of patients with pneumonia.

Methods: This study assessed six SNPs from genes: rs5743551 (), rs5743708, rs3804100 (), rs4986790 (), rs5743810 (), and rs3764880 ().

SARS-CoV-2 Variants Monitoring Using Real-Time PCR.

According to the temporary recommendations of the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO), in addition to whole-genome sequencing, laboratories in various countries can also screen for known mutations utilizing targeted RT-PCR-based mutation detection assays. The aim of this work was to generate a laboratory technique to differentiate the main circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in 2021-2022, when a sharp increase in morbidity was observed with the appearance of the Omicron variant. Real-time PCR methodology is available for use in the majority of scientific and diagnostic institutions in Russia, which makes it possible to increase the coverage of monitoring of variants in the territories of all 85 regions in order to accumulate information for the Central Services and make epidemiological decisions.

Hairy Roots of spp. () as Promising Producers of Antiviral Flavones.

We measured and studied the growth parameters and the qualitative and quantitative composition of the flavones of hairy roots of the genus: , and . Hairy roots were obtained using wild-type A4 by co-cultivation of explants (cotyledons) in a suspension of . The presence of the -genes was confirmed by PCR analysis.