Implications of NLRP3 Suppression Using Glibenclamide and miR-223 against Colorectal Cancer.

The NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) promotes the growth of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the therapeutic effect of NLRP3 inhibition on CRC cell progression is controversial. This study comparatively investigated the therapeutic effect of a pharmacological NLRP3 inhibitor, glibenclamide (gli), and the post-translational suppression of NLRP3 by miR-223 on CRC cell progression in HCT-116 and HCT-15 cells.

Identification of conserved immunogenic peptides of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.

The emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 variants has led to major concern regarding the efficacy of approved vaccines. Nucleocapsid is a conserved structural protein essential for replication of the virus. This study focuses on identifying conserved epitopes on the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2.

Blocking the Hormone Receptors Modulates NLRP3 in LPS-Primed Breast Cancer Cells.

NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) may contribute to the growth and propagation of breast cancer (BC). The effect of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) on NLRP3 activation in BC remains unknown. Additionally, our knowledge of the effect of blocking these receptors on NLRP3 expression is limited.

Puumala Orthohantavirus Reassortant Genome Variants Likely Emerging in the Watershed Forests.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) remains a prevalent zoonosis in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT), Russian Federation. (PUUV), carried by bank voles (), is the principal zoonotic pathogen of HFRS in the RT. In this study, we sought to demonstrate the similarity of the PUUV genetic sequences detected in HFRS case patients and bank vole samples previously collected in some areas of the RT.

Azithromycin and Ceftriaxone Differentially Activate NLRP3 in LPS Primed Cancer Cells.

Background: Cancer patients are prescribed antibiotics, such as macrolides and lactamides, for infection treatment. However, the effect of these antibiotics on NLRP3 activation remains largely unknown.

Method: Lung cancer (A549) and prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to activate NLRP3 transcription.

Special Issue: 'Pathogenesis of Emerging Zoonotic Viral Infections'.

Emerging zoonotic infections present a serious global health threat [...

Analysis of Genome Variants Identified in the Territories of Volga Federal District.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonotic disease commonly diagnosed in the Volga Federal District (VFD). HFRS is caused by Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV), and this virus is usually detected in bank voles as its natural host (Myodes glareolus). The PUUV genome is composed of the single-stranded, negative-sense RNA containing three segments.

Immunogenic Properties of MVs Containing Structural Hantaviral Proteins: An Original Study.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an emerging infectious disease that remains a global public health threat. The highest incidence rate is among zoonotic disease cases in Russia. Most cases of HFRS are reported in the Volga region of Russia, which commonly identifies the Puumala virus (PUUV) as a pathogen.

Long Term Immune Response Produced by the SputnikV Vaccine.

SputnikV is a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 developed by the Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology. The vaccine has been shown to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses, yet the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Forty SputnikV vaccinated individuals were included in this study which aimed to demonstrate the location of immunogenic domains of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein using an overlapping peptide library.

The Distribution of Genome Variants Correlates with the Regional Landscapes in the Trans-Kama Area of the Republic of Tatarstan.

In the European part of Russia, the highest number of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) cases are registered in the Volga Federal District (VFD), which includes the Republic of Tatarstan (RT). (PUUV) is the main causative agent of HFRS identified in the RT. The goal of the current study is to analyze the genetic variations of the PUUV strains and possible presence of chimeric and reassortant variants among the PUUV strains circulating in bank vole populations in the Trans-Kama area of the RT.

Doxycycline Attenuates Cancer Cell Growth by Suppressing NLRP3-Mediated Inflammation.

NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation is triggered by the damaged mitochondria releasing reactive oxygen species. Doxycycline was shown to regulate inflammation; however, its effect on NLRP3 in cancer remains largely unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine the effect of doxycycline on NLRP3 regulation in cancer using an in vitro model.

Cytokine, Chemokine, and Metalloprotease Activation in the Serum of Patients with Nephropathia Epidemica from the Republic of Tatarstan and the Republic of Mordovia, Russia.

Nephropathia Epidemica (NE), endemic to several Volga regions of Russia, including the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) and the Republic of Mordovia (RM), is a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by infection with rodent-borne orthohantaviruses. Although NE cases have been reported for decades, little is known about the hantavirus strains associated with human infection in these regions. There is also limited understanding of the pathogenesis of NE in the RT and the RM.

Therapeutic Potential of Pharmacological Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome Complex in Cancer.

Introduction: Dysregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex formation can promote chronic inflammation by increased release of IL-1β. However, the effect of NLRP3 complex formation on tumor progression remains controversial. Therefore, we sought to determine the effect of NLRP3 modulation on the growth of the different types of cancer cells, derived from lung, breast, and prostate cancers as well as neuroblastoma and glioblastoma .

Membrane Microvesicles as Potential Vaccine Candidates.

The prevention and control of infectious diseases is crucial to the maintenance and protection of social and public healthcare. The global impact of SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated how outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infections can lead to pandemics of significant public health and socio-economic burden. Vaccination is one of the most effective approaches to protect against infectious diseases, and to date, multiple vaccines have been successfully used to protect against and eradicate both viral and bacterial pathogens.

The Relationship of the Mechanisms of the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and the Expression of Endogenous Retroviruses.

Two human endogenous retroviruses of the HERV-W family can act as cofactors triggering multiple sclerosis (MS): MS-associated retrovirus (MSRV) and ERVWE1. Endogenous retroviral elements are believed to have integrated in our ancestors' DNA millions of years ago. Their involvement in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative pathologies, has been demonstrated.

Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating disorder characterized by persisting damage to the brain caused by autoreactive leukocytes. Leukocyte activation is regulated by cytokines, which are readily detected in MS serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Objective: Serum and CSF levels of forty-five cytokines were analyzed to identify MS diagnostic markers.

Rab GTPase Mediating Regulation of NALP3 in Colorectal Cancer.

The NALP3 inflammasome signaling contributes to inflammation within tumor tissues. This inflammation may be promoted by the vesicle trafficking of inflammasome components and cytokines. Rab5, Rab7 and Rab11 regulate vesicle trafficking.

Immunological Perspective for Ebola Virus Infection and Various Treatment Measures Taken to Fight the Disease.

Ebolaviruses, discovered in 1976, belongs to the family, which also includes Marburg and Lloviu viruses. They are negative-stranded RNA viruses with six known species identified to date. Ebola virus (EBOV) is a member of species and can cause the Ebola virus disease (EVD), an emerging zoonotic disease that results in homeostatic imbalance and multi-organ failure.

Mutational Frequencies of SARS-CoV-2 Genome during the Beginning Months of the Outbreak in USA.

SARS-CoV-2 has spread very quickly from its first reported case on 19 January 2020 in the United Stated of America, leading WHO to declare pandemic by 11 March 2020. RNA viruses accumulate mutations following replication and passage in human population, which prompted us to determine the rate and the regions (hotspots) of the viral genome with high rates of mutation. We analyzed the rate of mutation accumulation over a period of 11 weeks (submitted between 19th January to 15 April 2020) in USA SARS-CoV-2 genome.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Biocompatible Membrane Vesicles Demonstrate Immunomodulatory Activity Inhibiting Activation and proliferation of Human Mononuclear Cells.

Immune-mediated diseases are characterized by abnormal activity of the immune system. The cytochalasin B-induced membrane vesicles (CIMVs) are innovative therapeutic instruments. However, the immunomodulating activity of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived CIMVs (CIMVs-MSCs) remains unknown.

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing Interleukin 2 Can Suppress Proliferation of Neuroblastoma Cells in Co-Culture and Activate Mononuclear Cells In Vitro.

High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 (IL2) therapy has been shown to be successful in renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma. However, systemic administration of high doses of IL2 can be toxic, causing capillary leakage syndrome and stimulating pro-tumor immune response. One of the strategies to reduce the systemic toxicity of IL2 is the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a vehicle for the targeted delivery of IL2.

Angiogenic Activity of Cytochalasin B-Induced Membrane Vesicles of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Unlabelled: The cytochalasin B-induced membrane vesicles (CIMVs) are suggested to be used as a vehicle for the delivery of therapeutics. However, the angiogenic activity and therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) derived CIMVs (CIMVs-MSCs) remains unknown.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to analyze the morphology, size distribution, molecular composition, and angiogenic properties of CIMVs-MSCs.

Characterization of the Strains in the Northwestern Region of the Republic of Tatarstan in Relation to the Clinical Manifestations in Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome Patients.

Over 1,000 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) were recorded in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) in 2015. HFRS is a zoonotic disease caused by several different Old World hantaviruses. In RT, (PUUV) is a prevalent etiological agent of HFRS.