The effect of metabolic and hormonal parameters on microalbuminuria in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: The prevalence of microalbuminuria (MA), the most important early marker of incipient nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), increases during puberty, the period of exaggerated physiological insulin resistance.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of MA and the relationship between MA and metabolic risk factors and pubertal hormones in adolescents with T1DM.

Methods: In a cross-section study involving a group of 100 adolescents of both sexes of mean age 14.

In vivo susceptibility of ESBL producing Escherichia coli to ceftriaxone in children with acute pyelonephritis.

Introduction: The choice of empiric therapy of acute pyelonephritis (APN) in children should be based on the knowledge of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the most common uropathogen and its antibiotic sensitivities considering that nowadays ESBL-producing [ESBL (+)] E. coli is on the rise worldwide.

Antibiotic resistance of uropathogens in newborns and young children with acute pyelonephritis.

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is common in childhood. Depending on the localization of the infection, severity of its clinical presentation and possible acute and long-term complications, it may be described as either acute cystitis or acute pyelonephritis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the resistance patterns of uropathogens during the last 5 years in newborns and young children with acute pyelonephritis.

Trend of antibiotic resistance in children with first acute pyelonephritis.

There have been many recent reports of increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens. In this study, we reviewed medical records of children (<18 yr age) with first acute pyelonephritis admitted to our Institution between January 2005 to December 2009. 411 children (189 girls) were studied and increasing trend in bacterial resistance toward co-trimoxazole, 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins and gentamicin were observed.