Artificial intelligence or sleep experts: Comparing polysomnographic sleep staging in children and adolescents.

Study Objectives: The manual annotation of polysomnography (PSG) hypnograms is difficult and time-consuming. U-Sleep is an alternative, fast and publicly available, automated sleep staging system evaluated in adult PSGs. In this study we compare the staging done by sleep experts and U-sleep in a pediatric sample.

Genetic associations with measles PRNT and IgG antibody response to MMR vaccination in 6- and 15-month-old children.

Background: Measles immunization is a cornerstone in public health, yet vaccine failure affects up to 10 % of the population, leaving some vaccinated individuals susceptible to infection. Many factors influence vaccine responses, and we hypothesize that host genetic factors impact vaccine response to measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination.

Methods: We performed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations and a genome-wide association study of measles plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and Immunoglobin G (IgG) in 607 infants from a randomized, double-blind vaccine trial of the MMR vaccine.

Measles-mumps-rubella vaccination at 6 months of age and the risk of atopic disease in the first year of life: Results from a Danish placebo-controlled randomised trial.

Background: In observational studies, childhood vaccinations have been associated with atopic diseases. However, results are conflicting and evidence from randomised trials is lacking.

Methods: Atopic disease after interventional measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine was a pre-planned secondary outcome of the MMR trial, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 6540 Danish infants in the high-income setting of Denmark.

Treatment regimens and glycaemic outcomes in more than 100 000 children with type 1 diabetes (2013-22): a longitudinal analysis of data from paediatric diabetes registries.

Background: Advances in paediatric type 1 diabetes management and increased use of diabetes technology have led to improvements in glycaemia, reduced risk of severe hypoglycaemia, and improved quality of life. Since 1993, progressively lower HbA targets have been set. The aim of this study was to perform a longitudinal analysis of HbA, treatment regimens, and acute complications between 2013 and 2022 using data from eight national and one international paediatric diabetes registries.

Skin Reactions in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Associated with the Use of New Diabetes Technologies-An Observational Study from a Regional Polish Pediatric Diabetes Center.

The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of skin problems in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using insulin pumps (IPs) and/or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in our center and analyze their association with various factors. As part of the international ISPAD JENIOUS-initiated SKIN-PEDIC project, we interviewed and examined patients who visited the regional pediatric diabetes center in Opole (Poland) for four weeks regarding the use of IP and/or CGM and the presence of skin problems. Body mass index (BMI) and glycemic parameters were obtained retrospectively from medical records.

The effect of stress on the antibody response after vaccination in children aged 0-18 years: A systematic review.

Stress has been associated with less effective vaccine responses in adults. This review aims to investigate the evidence for a similar association in children. A systematic review search was conducted in January 2021 in three databases: Medline, Embase and PsycInfo.

The risk of Type 1 diabetes in children born after ART: a Nordic cohort study from the CoNARTaS group.

Study Question: Do children born after ART have a higher risk of developing Type 1 diabetes (DM1) than children conceived without ART?

Summary Answer: The risk of DM1 was similar for children conceived with and without ART, and there were no clear differences in risk according to method of fertility treatment.

What Is Known Already: ART is associated with a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, and the risk depends on the method of ART. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory proposes that prenatal stress can provoke changes in endocrine processes which impact health later in life.

Pressure pain sensitivity: A new stress measure in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with general- and diabetes-specific stress which has multiple adverse effects. Hence measuring stress is of great importance. An algometer measuring pressure pain sensitivity (PPS) has been shown to correlate to certain stress measures in adults.

No association between long-chain n-3 fatty acid intake during pregnancy and risk of type 1 diabetes in offspring in two large Scandinavian pregnancy cohorts.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to investigate whether higher dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of type 1 diabetes in children.

Methods: The Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) and the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) together include 153,843 mother-child pairs with prospectively collected data on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake during pregnancy from validated food frequency questionnaires. Type 1 diabetes diagnosis in children (n=634) was ascertained from national diabetes registries.

The role of sex on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes: The SWEET international database.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the International SWEET registry and the possible role of clinical variables in modifying the risk of having single or multiple CVRFs.

Study Design: The study is a cross-sectional study. Cut-off points for CVRFs were fixed according to International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines and WHO parameters: LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) > 100 mg/dL; Systolic Blood Pressure (BP-SDS) > 90th percentile for sex, age, and height; BMI-SDS > 2SD for sex and age.

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity following MMR vaccination in 5-7-month-old infants: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial in 6540 Danish infants.

Background: Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. Vaccinated mothers transfer fewer antibodies during pregnancy, resulting in shortened infant immunity. Earlier primary vaccination might avert the gap in protection.

Heterogeneity in glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A latent class trajectory analysis of Danish nationwide data.

Aims: Suboptimal glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes is prevalent and associated with increased risk of diabetes-related complications and mortality later in life. First, we aimed to identify distinct glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) trajectories in children and adolescents (2-19 years) with type 1 diabetes. Second, we examined their associations with clinical and socio-demographic factors.

Validation of the newly developed Sleep Screening Questionnaire Children and Adolescents (SSQ-CA) with objective sleep measures.

Objectives: Objectively validated pediatric sleep questionnaires covering a broader age range and different sleep disturbances are lacking, therefore we developed the Sleep Screening Questionnaire Children and Adolescents (SSQ-CA) and compared it with objective sleep parameters.

Methods: This child-reported questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary panel and face validated. In a cross-sectional prospective design, participants aged 6-17, answered the questionnaire twice with 21-28 days in between, wore actigraphy (AG) and kept a sleep diary for seven nights and home-polysomnography (PSG) for one of these nights.

No associations between type 1 diabetes and atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, or asthma in childhood: a nationwide Danish case-cohort study.

Studies examining the association between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and atopic diseases, i.e., atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma have yielded conflicting results due to different algorithms for classification, sample size issues and risk of referral bias of exposed cohorts with frequent contact to health care professionals.

Glucose Monitoring Metrics in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes Using Different Treatment Modalities: A Real-World Observational Study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glycemic metrics and different insulin treatment modalities using real-world data.

Research Design And Methods: A cross-sectional study at Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Denmark, included individuals with type 1 diabetes using CGM. Data from September 2021 to August 2022 were analyzed if CGM was used for at least 20% of a 4-week period.

Lipohypertrophy and Insulin: An Update From the Diabetes Technology Society.

Lipohypertrophy is a common skin complication associated with insulin-treated diabetes. The impact of lipohypertrophy as a contributing factor to suboptimal glycemic control, glucose variability, and hypoglycemia is often under-recognized by health care professionals. In a recent Webinar on April 26, 2023, Diabetes Technology Society asked international experts to provide updates on the latest knowledge related to lipohypertrophy for practicing clinicians and educators, researchers, and industries involved in insulin delivery.

A Skin Care Program to Prevent Skin Problems due to Diabetes Devices in Children and Adolescents: A Cluster-Controlled Intervention Study.

Objective: Diabetes devices that deliver insulin and measure blood glucose levels are cornerstones in modern treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, their use is frequently associated with the development of skin problems, particularly eczema and wounds. Proper skin care may prevent skin problems, yet evidence-based information from interventional studies is missing.

An Occlusive Hydrocolloid-Based Patch Is Effective, Feasible, and Safe As a Treatment of Irritant Contact Dermatitis Due to Diabetes Devices in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) occurs frequently with the use of diabetes devices, but no guidelines for treatment exist. Since subsequent devices need intact skin for intended use, quick healing is crucial. Normal wound healing is expected to be 7-10 days.

Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine at age 6 months and hospitalisation for infection before age 12 months: randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To test for potential non-specific effects of an additional, early measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine at age 5-7 months on risk of infection related hospitalisation before age 12 months.

Design: Randomised, double blinded, placebo controlled trial.

Setting: Denmark, a high income setting with low exposure to MMR.

Ultrasound Detected Subcutaneous Changes in a Pediatric Cohort After Initiation of a New Insulin Pump or Glucose Sensor.

This study examined subcutaneous tissue changes at sites used by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and tested whether these changes, if any, were associated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). This prospective study investigated recently used CSII or CGM sites in 161 children and adolescents during the first year after initiation of a new diabetes device. Subcutaneous changes such as echogenicity, vascularization, and the distance from the skin surface to the muscle at CSII and CGM sites were assessed by ultrasound.

Similar Skin Barrier Function in Persons with Type 1 Diabetes Compared with Healthy Controls.

Contact dermatitis because of use of diabetes devices is frequent in individuals with type 1 diabetes (TD1), especially in the pediatric age group, but the putative role of a constitutional impaired skin barrier in persons with TD1 is unclear. This study examined the skin barrier function by the measurement of natural moisturizing factor and free cytokines collected through skin tape strips, as well as biophysical markers and the skin microbiome, in persons with TD1 than to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All measurements were done in nonlesional skin.