Orally inoculated Escherichia coli strains colonize the gut and increase bacterial translocation after stress in rats.

Coliforms are the members of the indigenous gut flora that most often translocate to mesenteric lymph nodes. Very few strains of Escherichia coli found in cecal contents of rats are able to translocate. The present study investigated the role of the composition of the gut flora for the occurrence of bacterial translocation.

Antimicrobial peptides in the first line defence of human colon mucosa.

Antimicrobial peptides and proteins are effector molecules in the protection of epithelial surfaces. We have evaluated the presence of antimicrobial peptides/proteins that can participate in human colonic defence against microbes. A peptide/protein extract of normal human colon mucosa was found to be active against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi.

Phylogeny, processing and expression of the rat cathelicidin rCRAMP: a model for innate antimicrobial peptides.

A database search identified a rat cDNA clone which phylogenetic analysis revealed to encode a cathelicidin most similar to mouse cathelicidin CRAMP. The analysis also showed that the evolutionary pattern of the cathelicidin family is lineage specific. The rat cathelicidin is called rCRAMP.

Outcome of primary and secondary ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and ileorectal anastomosis in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present Swedish experiences of the ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis from the introduction in 1984. The study also compared the surgical and functional outcome of different anal continence preserving procedures: ileal pouch-anal anastomosis as primary surgery, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis as secondary surgery after colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis, and ileorectal anastomosis alone.

Methods: The material comprises all 120 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis reported to the Swedish Polyposis Registry who had undergone prophylactic colorectal surgery, including those operated on because of colorectal cancer from 1984 until the end of 1996.

Local short-chain fatty acids supplementation without beneficial effect on inflammation in excluded rectum.

Background: Rectal instillation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), important nutrients for the colorectal mucosa, has been suggested to be of therapeutic value in distal intestinal inflammation.

Methods: In this study nine patients with Hartmann-closed rectum after colectomy for acute colitis were investigated. In a double-blind crossover trial an enema containing SCFA or a placebo solution was administered twice daily for 3 weeks.

Pelvic reservoir with S-pouch: can surgeons evaluate the results of their own operations?

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate whether operating surgeons could follow up the functional outcome of their own operations, without bias, by using standardized methods at follow-up.

Methods: Fifty-five patients who received a pelvic reservoir with an S-pouch were evaluated regarding functional outcome after at least one year postoperative follow-up. The functional surgical outcome was evaluated by an internist especially trained in gastroenterology and the operating surgeon by using a standardized scale comprising eight functional variables.

Bulking fibre prevents translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes of an efficiently translocating Escherichia coli strain in rats.

Background: starvation for 24 h prior to experimental haemorrhage increases bacterial translocation in rats. Forty-eight hours starvation alone causes pronounced microbiological changes in caecal contents and a marked increase in bacterial adherence to caecal epithelium. The aim of the present study was to examine whether bulking fibre prevents these microbiological changes induced by starvation, i.

Lack of neurohumoral response to pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background: Pneumoperitoneum (PP) for laparoscopic surgery induces prompt changes in circulatory parameters. The rapid onset of these changes suggests a reflex origin, and the present study was undertaken to evaluate whether release of vasopressor substances could be responsible for these alterations. The influence of two different anesthesia techniques was also evaluated.

Carbachol induces oscillations in membrane potential and intracellular calcium in a colonic tumor cell line, HT-29.

The patch-clamp technique was used to study the effects of carbachol (CCh) on HT-29 cells. During CCh exposure, the cells (n = 23) depolarized close to the equilibrium potential for Cl- (E(Cl-); -48 mV) and the membrane potential then started to oscillate (16/23 cells). In voltage-clamp experiments, similar oscillations in whole cell currents could be demonstrated.

Selective translocation of coliform bacteria adhering to caecal epithelium of rats during catabolic stress.

Adult conventional rats were starved for 48 h with or without haemorrhage at 24 h, and translocation of caecal coliforms to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) was measured. Translocation was detected in three of 11 rats without haemorrhage, in 6 of 11 starved and sham-operated rats and in 12 of 22 rats after haemorrhage. In contrast, only one of 13 non-instrumented and fed control rats showed translocation.

Starvation increases the number of coliform bacteria in the caecum and induces bacterial adherence to caecal epithelium in rats.

Objective: To investigate the impact of starvation for 24 and 48 h on the number of coliform bacteria in the caecal contents, on the mucosal adherence of coliform bacteria, and on bacterial translocation in rats.

Design: Open prospective study.

Setting: University departments of surgery and microbiology, Sweden.

Enhanced prevalence of T cell receptor V beta 7 gene family expression in human intestine-associated T lymphocytes.

Relative levels of expression of T cell receptor variable (V) beta and joining (J) beta gene segments were determined in T cells derived from intestinal biopsies of healthy mucosal areas, mesenteric lymph nodes and peripheral blood of the same individuals. Samples taken from patients suffering from inflammatory (n = 8) and non-inflammatory (n = 8) bowel diseases were analyzed by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based methods. In the intestine, fewer (median = 3.

Perineal excision of the rectum.

An intersphincteric and perimuscular approach was employed for perineal excision of the rectum in 33 patients who had previously undergone total colectomy with preservation of the rectum. Laparotomy was avoided in 28 of the 29 patients who had had closure of the rectal stump with ileostomy. Of the four patients (two with ileorectal anastomoses and two with sigmoid mucous fistulas) for whom laparotomy was planned, this was considered to be much less extensive than would otherwise have been required.

To dress or not to dress surgical wounds? Patients' attitudes to wound care after major abdominal operations.

Objective: To find out what patients' attitudes were to wound care after abdominal operations to ensure that patients' own views were not violated by introducing a new method of wound care.

Design: Randomised study.

Setting: University hospital, Sweden.

Hyperosmotic glucose infusion during hemorrhage does not reduce bacterial translocation in 24 hour-starved rats.

Food deprivation 24 h before stress increases bacterial translocation in hemorrhage. Presently it tested whether hyperosmolality, induced by exogenous glucose infusion to improve plasma refill, prevents or reduces bacterial translocation after experimental hemorrhage in 24 h food-deprived rats. Rats were given an i.

Role of bile in regulation of gut motility.

Bile empties into the duodenum not only after a meal but also in the interdigestive state. In man, interdigestive biliary emptying is related to fasting motor activity, the migrating motor complex (MMC), in the stomach and small bowel and generally occurs during phase 2 preceding a gastroduodenal phase 3 activity (activity front). It seems that the main regulatory peptide to initiate phase 3 is motilin.

Inhibition of the migrating motor complex by duodenal drainage in man.

The effect of varying bile acid output on fasting small intestinal motility was investigated in healthy male volunteers. Biliary output was manipulated by jejunal infusion of isotonic mannitol, which resulted in increased output, and by prolonged drainage of duodenal contents, which resulted in decreased output. Intestinal motility was measured by manometric recordings performed at four levels in the proximal small intestine.

Food deprivation increases bacterial translocation after non-lethal haemorrhage in rats.

Objective: To investigate whether brief fasting before the induction of hypotension by non-lethal haemorrhage may induce translocation of enteric bacteria to mesenteric lymph nodes or blood in rats.

Design: Laboratory experiment.

Setting: University departments of surgery and microbiology, Sweden.

[Upper gastrointestinal bleeding--diagnosis and treatment guidelines].

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is often an emergency condition requiring immediate treatment. With the introduction of acute endoscopy, the efficacy of diagnosis and treatment in such cases has been greatly improved. General guidelines for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding are given in the article.

Glutamine supplementation does not prevent bacterial translocation after non-lethal haemorrhage in rats.

Objective: To find out whether supplementation of an enteral diet with glutamine would reduce translocation of bacteria to mesenteric lymph nodes or blood after major haemorrhage in rats.

Design: Open randomised study.

Setting: University departments of surgery and microbiology, Sweden.