Investigations of airborne tire and brake wear particles using a novel vehicle design.

Non-exhaust emissions have become an increasingly important issue as their levels continue to rise and the health effects of particulate matter (PM) are more widely discussed. To address this issue, a vehicle demonstrator with integrated emission reduction of tires and brakes was developed as part of the Zero Emission Drive Unit Generation-1 (ZEDU-1) project. This novel concept includes the removal of tire road wear particles (TRWP) with a strong ventilation/filtering system and an enclosed multi-disk brake, making it a suitable tool for the investigation of non-exhaust emissions.

Immunization of mice with the nef gene from Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1: study of immunological memory and long-term toxicology.

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) regulatory protein, Nef, is an attractive vaccine target because it is involved in viral pathogenesis, is expressed early in the viral life cycle and harbors many T and B cell epitopes. Several clinical trials include gene-based vaccines encoding this protein. However, Nef has been shown to transform certain cell types in vitro.