Associations between dietary fatty acid and plasma fatty acid composition in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: secondary analysis from a randomised trial with a hypoenergetic low-carbohydrate high-fat and intermittent fasting diet.

Dietary fatty acids (FA) affect metabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to explore if changes in dietary fat intake during energy restriction were associated with plasma FA composition. The study also investigated if these changes were associated with changes in liver fat, liver stiffness and plasma lipids among persons with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Motor band sign is specific for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and corresponds to motor symptoms.

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging can detect neurodegenerative iron accumulation in the motor cortex, called the motor band sign. This study aims to evaluate its sensitivity/specificity and correlations to symptomatology, biomarkers, and clinical outcome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Methods: This prospective study consecutively enrolled 114 persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 79 mimics referred to Karolinska University Hospital, and also 31 healthy controls.

Non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: pilot study and systematic review.

Introduction: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) is estimated as 2-46% among patients without known pancreatic diseases. An association between NAFPD and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been proposed, as well as an association between NAFPD and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI).

Patients And Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed NAFLD were included in the study.

In vivo 3D muscle architecture quantification based on 3D freehand ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.

Muscle architecture parameters, such as the fascicle length, pennation angle, and volume, are important muscle morphology characteristics. Accurate in vivo quantification of these parameters allows to detect changes due to pathologies, interventions, and rehabilitation trainings, which ultimately impact on muscles' force-producing capacity. In this study, we compared three-dimensional (3D) muscle architecture parameters of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius medialis, which were quantified by 3D freehand ultrasound (3DfUS) and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), respectively.

Macronutrient composition and its effect on body composition changes during weight loss therapy in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Dietary composition may affect body composition during weight loss therapy. We tested the hypothesis of whether dietary macronutrient composition influences the reduction of total abdominal adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), or visceral adipose tissue (VAT) during weight loss.

Methods: Dietary macronutrient composition and body composition were analyzed as a secondary outcome of a randomized controlled trial of 62 participants with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Lung perfusion disturbances in nonhospitalized post-COVID with dyspnea-A magnetic resonance imaging feasibility study.

Background: Dyspnea is common after COVID-19. Though the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, lung perfusion abnormalities could contribute to lingering dyspnea.

Objectives: To detect pulmonary perfusion disturbances in nonhospitalized individuals with the post-COVID condition and persistent dyspnea 4-13 months after the disease onset.

The Karolinska NeuroCOVID study protocol: Neurocognitive impairment, biomarkers and advanced imaging in critical care survivors.

Background: This is the study plan of the Karolinska NeuroCOVID study, a study of neurocognitive impairment after severe COVID-19, relating post-intensive care unit (ICU) cognitive and neurological deficits to biofluid markers and MRI. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed enormous health challenges to individuals and health-care systems worldwide. An emerging feature of severe COVID-19 is that of temporary and extended neurocognitive impairment, exhibiting a myriad of symptoms and signs.

Estimated gray matter volume rapidly changes after a short motor task.

Skill learning induces changes in estimates of gray matter volume (GMV) in the human brain, commonly detectable with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Rapid changes in GMV estimates while executing tasks may however confound between- and within-subject differences. Fluctuations in arterial blood flow are proposed to underlie this apparent task-related tissue plasticity.

Treatment of NAFLD with intermittent calorie restriction or low-carb high-fat diet - a randomised controlled trial.

Background & Aims: The first-line treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is weight reduction. Several diets have been proposed, with various effects specifically on liver steatosis. This trial compared the effects of intermittent calorie restriction (the 5:2 diet) and a low-carb high-fat diet (LCHF) on reduction of hepatic steatosis.

Nervous System Involvement in Coronavirus Disease 2019: Results from a Retrospective Consecutive Neuroimaging Cohort.

Background Neurologic complications in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been described, but the understanding of their pathophysiologic causes and neuroanatomical correlates remains limited. Purpose To report on the frequency and type of neuroradiological findings in COVID-19. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, all consecutive adult hospitalized patients with polymerase chain reaction positivity for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and who underwent neuroimaging at Karolinska University Hospital between March 2 and May 24, 2020, were included.

In vivo muscle morphology comparison in post-stroke survivors using ultrasonography and diffusion tensor imaging.

Skeletal muscle architecture significantly influences the performance capacity of a muscle. A DTI-based method has been recently considered as a new reference standard to validate measurement of muscle structure in vivo. This study sought to quantify muscle architecture parameters such as fascicle length (FL), pennation angle (PA) and muscle thickness (t) in post-stroke patients using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and to quantitatively compare the differences with 2D ultrasonography (US) and DTI.

Patient-Specific Left Ventricular Flow Simulations From Transthoracic Echocardiography: Robustness Evaluation and Validation Against Ultrasound Doppler and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

The combination of medical imaging with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has enabled the study of 3-D blood flow on a patient-specific level. However, with models based on gated high-resolution data, the study of transient flows, and any model implementation into routine cardiac care, is challenging. This paper presents a novel pathway for patient-specific CFD modelling of the left ventricle (LV), using 4-D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) as input modality.

Atlas-based analysis of 4D flow CMR: automated vessel segmentation and flow quantification.

Background: Flow volume quantification in the great thoracic vessels is used in the assessment of several cardiovascular diseases. Clinically, it is often based on semi-automatic segmentation of a vessel throughout the cardiac cycle in 2D cine phase-contrast Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) images. Three-dimensional (3D), time-resolved phase-contrast CMR with three-directional velocity encoding (4D flow CMR) permits assessment of net flow volumes and flow patterns retrospectively at any location in a time-resolved 3D volume.

Quantification of turbulence and velocity in stenotic flow using spiral three-dimensional phase-contrast MRI.

Purpose: Evaluate spiral three-dimensional (3D) phase contrast MRI for the assessment of turbulence and velocity in stenotic flow.

Methods: A-stack-of-spirals 3D phase contrast MRI sequence was evaluated in vitro against a conventional Cartesian sequence. Measurements were made in a flow phantom with a 75% stenosis.

Retrospectively gated intracardiac 4D flow MRI using spiral trajectories.

Purpose: To develop and evaluate retrospectively gated spiral readout four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI for intracardiac flow analysis.

Methods: Retrospectively gated spiral 4D flow MRI was implemented on a 1.5-tesla scanner.

Assessment of the accuracy of MRI wall shear stress estimation using numerical simulations.

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy of wall shear stress (WSS) estimation using MRI. Specifically, to investigate the impact of different parameters and if MRI WSS estimates are monotonically related to actual WSS.

Materials And Methods: The accuracy of WSS estimation using methods based on phase-contrast (PC) MRI velocity mapping, Fourier velocity encoding (FVE) and intravoxel velocity standard deviation mapping were studied using numerical simulations.

Four-dimensional flow MRI using spiral acquisition.

Time-resolved three-dimensional phase-contrast MRI is an important tool for physiological as well as clinical studies of blood flow in the heart and vessels. The application of the technique is, however, limited by the long scan times required. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using spiral readouts to reduce the scan time of four-dimensional flow MRI without sacrificing quality.

Simulation of phase contrast MRI of turbulent flow.

Phase contrast MRI is a powerful tool for the assessment of blood flow. However, especially in the highly complex and turbulent flow that accompanies many cardiovascular diseases, phase contrast MRI may suffer from artifacts. Simulation of phase contrast MRI of turbulent flow could increase our understanding of phase contrast MRI artifacts in turbulent flows and facilitate the development of phase contrast MRI methods for the assessment of turbulent blood flow.