Breaking down barriers: comprehensive functional analysis of the Aspergillus niger chitin synthase repertoire.

Background: Members of the fungal kingdom are heterotrophic eukaryotes encased in a chitin containing cell wall. This polymer is vital for cell wall stiffness and, ultimately, cell shape. Most fungal genomes contain numerous putative chitin synthase encoding genes.

The Manufacturing of 3D Printed models for the Neurotraumatological Education of Military Surgeons.

Introduction: When deployed abroad, military surgeons frequently have to deal with casualties involving head trauma. The emergency treatments, as well as craniotomies, are often performed by non-neurosurgeons qualified with basic neurotraumatological skills. Previous neurotrauma courses for education of non-neurosurgeons in Germany teach surgical emergency skills but do not include the training of skills needed to successfully utilize imaging in surgical planning, which is of importance for the safety and success of the treatment.

Urgent need hybrid production - what COVID-19 can teach us about dislocated production through 3d-printing and the maker scene.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to large-scale shutdowns in society. This resulted in global supply bottlenecks for medical protective equipment. The so-called Maker Movement recognized this emerging problem early on and, with the help of additive manufacturing (AM), began developing and manufacturing half masks or face shields as personal protective equipment (PPE).

ioCT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for trigeminal neuralgia: how I do it.

Background: Percutaneous trigeminal nerve rhizotomy is usually performed by free-handed puncture of the foramen ovale under radiographic control with the patient kept semiconscious. The procedure has thus been reported to be highly uncomfortable for both the patient and surgeon. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a technique that includes precise navigated, CT-guided puncture of the foramen with the patient in general anesthesia and confirmation of needle placement by intraoperative CT.

Hypertrophic pachymeningoencephalitis associated with temporal giant cell arteritis.

We report the rare case of an 80-year-old male patient with hypertrophic pachymeningoencephalitis that may be associated with temporal arteritis. The patient presented to our neurological department with a 2-week history of latent paresis and ataxia affecting his right hand. He had been diagnosed with temporal arteritis 12 years earlier.

Outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell induces massive foreign body reaction and impairs axonal regeneration through 3D multichannel chitosan nerve guides.

We report on the performance of composite nerve grafts with an inner 3D multichannel porous chitosan core and an outer electrospun polycaprolactone shell. The inner chitosan core provided multiple guidance channels for regrowing axons. To analyze the in vivo properties of the bare chitosan cores, we separately implanted them into an epineural sheath.

Temperature rise in the pulp chamber induced by a conventional halogen light-curing source and a plasma arc lamp.

Purpose: To assess and compare the pulp chamber temperature increase during resin-based composite polymerization with two different light-curing units.

Methods: A Class I cavity was prepared in an extracted lower molar under standardized conditions using a specially designed industrial robot system. The dentin layer between the pulp chamber and the floor of the cavity was 1 mm thick.