Effects of Cold Decompression on Hemodynamic Function and Decompression Sickness Risk in a Dry Diving Rat Model.

Diving in cold water is thought to increase the risk of decompression sickness (DCS), especially if the diver is cold during decompression. In this study, we investigated hemodynamic function and DCS risk in an animal model, where cold decompression was followed by rewarming at the surface. Nine female Sprague Dawley rats had pressure-volume catheters inserted into their left heart ventricle and femoral artery before they were exposed to dry air dives in which their core temperature was normothermic during the bottom phase, cold (35°C) during decompression, and normothermic after the dive.

Continuous Hemodynamic Monitoring in an Intact Rat Model of Simulated Diving.

Cardiovascular risk is elevated in divers, but detailed information of cardiac function during diving is missing. The aim of this study was to apply an intact rat model with continuous monitoring of cardiac left ventricular (LV) function in a simulated diving experiment. Thirteen rats were inserted with a LV pressure-volume catheter and a pressure transducer in the femoral artery to measure hemodynamic variables, and randomly assigned to diving ( = 9) and control ( = 4) groups.

Cardiorespiratory Reference Data in Older Adults: The Generation 100 Study.

Purpose: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is regarded a clinical vital sign, and accurate reference values for all age groups are essential. Little data exist on CRF and cardiorespiratory function in older adults. The aim of this study was to provide normative values for CRF and cardiorespiratory function in older adults, including people with history of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Acute exhaustive aerobic exercise training impair cardiomyocyte function and calcium handling in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Introduction: Recent data from long-distance endurance participants suggest that cardiac function is impaired after completion. Existing data further indicate that right ventricular function is more affected than left ventricular function. The cellular mechanisms underpinning cardiac deterioration are limited and therefore the aim of this study was to examine cardiomyocyte and molecular responses of the right and left ventricle to an acute bout of exhaustive endurance exercise.

Acute dietary nitrate supplementation improves arterial endothelial function at high altitude: A double-blinded randomized controlled cross over study.

Introduction: Dietary nitrate (NO) supplementation serves as an exogenous source of nitrite (NO) and nitric oxide (NO) through the NO - NO - NO pathway, and may improve vascular functions during normoxia. The effects of NO supplementation in healthy lowlanders during hypobaric hypoxia are unknown.

Purpose: Determine the effect of acute oral NOsupplementation via beetroot juice (BJ) on endothelial function (flow mediated dilation; FMD) in lowlanders at 3700 m.

Negative inotropic effects of epinephrine in the presence of increased β-adrenoceptor sensitivity during hypothermia in a rat model.

Background: Animal studies show reduced inotropic effects of cardiac β-adrenoceptor agonists like epinephrine (Epi) during hypothermia and rewarming, while drugs targeting other pharmacological mechanisms have positive effects. This study therefore aimed to determine β-adrenoceptor sensitivity in isolated cardiomyocytes and investigate hemodynamic effects of Epi and its ability to stimulate cardiac β-adrenoceptors at different temperatures in vivo.

Methods: Isolated rat myocardial cells were incubated with the radioactive β-adrenoceptor ligand [(3)H]-CGP12177 and propranolol, used as a displacer.

High incidence of venous and arterial gas emboli at rest after trimix diving without protocol violations.

SCUBA diving is associated with generation of gas emboli due to gas release from the supersaturated tissues during decompression. Gas emboli arise mostly on the venous side of circulation, and they are usually eliminated as they pass through the lung vessels. Arterialization of venous gas emboli (VGE) is seldom reported, and it is potentially related to neurological damage and development of decompression sickness.

Immersion before dry simulated dive reduces cardiomyocyte function and increases mortality after decompression.

Diving and decompression performed under immersed conditions have been shown to reduce cardiac function. The mechanisms for these changes are not known. The effect of immersion before a simulated hyperbaric dive on cardiomyocyte function was studied.

Ultrasonic evidence of acute interstitial lung edema after SCUBA diving is resolved within 2-3h.

Recently, an increase in extravascular lung water (EVLW) accumulation with diminished left ventricular contractility within 60 min after SCUBA diving was reported. We have observed previously that diving was associated with reduced diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and arterial oxygen pressure for up to 60-80 min postdive. Here we investigated whether increased EVLW persists 2-3h after successive deep dives in a group of seven male divers.

A valid and reproducible protocol for testing maximal oxygen uptake in rabbits.

Background: Physiological studies of long-term cardiovascular adaptation to exercise require adequate testing procedures to quantify the outcome. Such test procedures are well established in rats and mice. However, the use of these species may have limitations, and to study several physiological parameters mimicking 'the human adaptation' larger animal models may be preferable.