Impact of intraocular pressure regulation on visual fields in open-angle glaucoma.

Objective: To investigate the correlation of different parameters of intraocular pressure (IOP) to visual field decay in open-angle glaucoma.

Design: Analysis of visual field decay during a prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing primary laser trabeculoplasty with medication.

Participants: Of a total of 82 included eyes in 82 patients with newly detected high-pressure open-angle glaucomas, 76 (55 capsular, 21 simple) fulfilled the 2-year follow-up with the stated number of reliable visual field examinations and were included in this analysis.

Primary argon laser trabeculoplasty vs pilocarpine. IV. Long-term effects on optic nerve head.

In a prospective, randomized study on primary argon laser trabeculoplasty vs piloparpine in 82 newly detected open-angle glaucomas the progress of optic nerve head damage is presented. In 70 patients reliable stereo photographs could be analysed. In the laser treated group a progression of glaucoma damage after 24 months was seen in 6/37 eyes (16%) and in the pilocarpine-treated group 16/33 (49%) (p = 0.

Primary argon laser trabeculoplasty vs pilocarpine. III. Long-term effects on visual fields.

In a prospective randomized study on primary argon laser trabeculoplasty vs pilocarpine in 82 newly detected open-angle glaucoma patients, visual field changes were analysed for absolute changes over 2 years on automated threshold perimetry and manual Goldmann perimetry. Regression analysis was also performed using the threshold perimetry examinations taken every second month. Analyses based on automatic perimetry were corrected for eventual bias due to cataract and induced miosis.

Primary argon laser trabeculoplasty vs pilocarpine. II: Long-term effects on intraocular pressure and facility of outflow. Study design and additional therapy.

In a prospective study 82 patients recently diagnosed with simple or capsular glaucoma were randomized to receive primary argon laser trabeculoplasty or pilocarpine treatment. A 2-year follow-up showed a better success rate in the laser group, with less need for additional therapy. The average intraocular pressure and peak pressure was lower and the daytime pressure variation was significantly less in the laser group.

Primary argon laser trabeculoplasty vs. pilocarpine. Short-term effects.

This is a prospective study of 82 newly discovered patients with simplex or capsular glaucoma from two centres, collected between 1984 and 1989 and selected at random for primary treatment by either laser or pilocarpine. Preliminary two-year follow-up shows that primary laser treatment gives a significantly higher number of patients where the intraocular pressure is successfully controlled. Primary argon laser trabeculoplasty has been carried out in 40 patients.

The IOP-IOL. A probe into the eye.

The intraocular lens (IOL) implant can be looked upon as a probe into the space of the eye. Adapting that view, it is logical to furnish the IOL-probe with biomedical sensors that would explore its environment. A sensor is presented for continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure (IOP), incorporated in the haptics of an IOL.

Goniodysgenesis in elderly glaucoma and non-glaucoma patients. A masked slit-lamp and gonioscopy study.

The aim was to elucidate whether goniodysgenesis is more frequently observed in elderly patients with glaucoma, and furthermore, which signs of goniodysgenesis are of importance and most unanimously detected. Thus, 3 examiners evaluated 21 glaucoma patients and 19 non-glaucoma patients in a masked fashion. None of the patients had a first-degree heredity.

Argon laser trabeculoplasty in exfoliation syndrome.

A retrospective study of the effects of argon laser trabeculoplasty on a consecutive series of 44 phakic patients (55 eyes) with exfoliation syndrome glaucoma is reported. The follow-up was 12 to 23 months, mean 15 months. At an individual level laser trabeculoplasty was successful in 70% of the patients and 40% were able to reduce or stop their medication.

Immotile-cilia syndrome and the cilia of the eye.

Ten patients with the immotile-cilia syndrome were subjected to an extensive eye examination, which failed to demonstrate any consistent single abnormality. The tests of the retinal function and the aqueous humor dynamics were normal. However, different corneal abnormalities--mostly without clinical significance--were observed in 9 out of 10 patients, suggesting a developmental disturbance.

Vascular damage in the anterior uvea induced by intravitreal autogenous blood.

The effects of vitreous hemorrhages on anterior uveal vessels were studied. Albino rabbits were injected intravitreally with autogenous blood, plasma, RBCs, iron-dextrin, or Ringer's solution. The vascular permeability was assessed by fluorescein iris angiography, carbon labeling and penetration of peroxidase.

Effects of intracameral Na2EDTA and EGTA on aqueous outflow routes in the monkey eye.

Intracameral perfusion with 4 to 6 mM Na2EDTA or 4 mM EGTA for 40 to 80 min caused a very large increase in gross outflow facility. This effect was partly reversible when followed by perfusion with mock aqueous humor. Eyes perfused with Na2EDTA were studied morphologically.

Transcellular aqueous humor outflow: a theoretical and experimental study.

When the aqueous humor passed through the transcellular channels of the inner wall endothelium of Schlemm's canal the flow was estimated to be very slow and viscous (Reynolds' number about 10(-3)). It was found to be accurate to treat this extreme flow situation with conventional hydrodynamic formulae without specific corrections. Four different principal configurations of the transcellular channels were investigated.

Goniodysgenesis in exfoliation glaucoma.

According to our material the exfoliation glaucoma can be regarded as the result of an interplay of at least two different pathologic conditions: a primary genetic goniodysgenesis creating a relative block to the outflow, and a probable vasculopathy in the iris. Subsequent degeneration of the iris will lead to a liberation of pigment and debris, i.e.

Protrusions of the inner wall of Schlemm's canal.

Large specific protrusions of the trabecular meshwork into Schlemm's canal (hernias) have been suggested to be the main drainage routes for aqueous humor, similar to the function of the arachnoid villi in draining the cerebrospinal fluid. My quantitative study in cynomolgus monkeys does not support such a hypothesis. The drainage routes of the aqueous humor, evaluated from the number and sizes of the pores observed by scanning electron microscopy, were as common through the hernias as through other parts of the inner wall of Schlemm's canal at different levels of intraocular pressure.

Effects of artificial intraocular pressure elevation on the corneal endothelium in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus ethiops).

Both eyes of anesthetized vervet monkeys were perfused with mock aqueous humor for 3-7 hours. By adjusting the height of a reservoir connected to the anterior chamber of each eye the intraocular pressure in one eye was maintained at 33-44 mmHg and in the other eye it was a few mmHg above the spontaneous level (12-15 mmHg). Morphologically the control eyes appeared normal, whereas pronounced changes were observed in the high pressure eyes.

Retrolental fibroplasia or congenital encephalo-ophthalmic dysplasia?

Congenital encephalo-ophthalmic dysplasia (CEOD) is described in 2 cases. The eye signs, clinically identical to the cicatricial stage of retrolental fibroplasia (RLF), are combined with brain maldevelopment and occurred without oxygen treatment. RLF in a strict sense could be reserved for oxygen-induced retinopathy in prematures.