Genomic prediction for root and yield traits of barley under a water availability gradient: a case study comparing different spatial adjustments.

Background: In drought periods, water use efficiency depends on the capacity of roots to extract water from deep soil. A semi-field phenotyping facility (RadiMax) was used to investigate above-ground and root traits in spring barley when grown under a water availability gradient. Above-ground traits included grain yield, grain protein concentration, grain nitrogen removal, and thousand kernel weight.

Whole-Genome Sequences of Streptococcus alactolyticus Strain An1F4 and Escherichia coli Strains Ae3A3 and Ae3B3, Isolated from Feces of Domestic Pigs.

Here, we present the genome sequences of a strain of Streptococcus alactolyticus and two strains of Escherichia coli that were isolated from feces samples from domestic pigs in Denmark. The genome sequences contribute to a better understanding of the microbiological processes in the feces and manure of domestic pigs.

Integration of DNA Methylation and Transcriptome Data Improves Complex Trait Prediction in .

Whole-genome multi-omics profiles contain valuable information for the characterization and prediction of complex traits in plants. In this study, we evaluate multi-omics models to predict four complex traits in barley (); grain yield, thousand kernel weight, protein content, and nitrogen uptake. Genomic, transcriptomic, and DNA methylation data were obtained from 75 spring barley lines tested in the RadiMax semi-field phenomics facility under control and water-scarce treatment.

Relative importance of genotype, gene expression, and DNA methylation on complex traits in perennial ryegrass.

The growing demand for food and feed crops in the world because of growing population and more extreme weather events requires high-yielding and resilient crops. Many agriculturally important traits are polygenic, controlled by multiple regulatory layers, and with a strong interaction with the environment. In this study, 120 F families of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.

Semifield root phenotyping: Root traits for deep nitrate uptake.

Deep rooting winter wheat genotypes can reduce nitrate leaching losses and increase N uptake. We aimed to investigate which deep root traits are correlated to deep N uptake and to estimate genetic variation in root traits and deep N tracer uptake. In 2 years, winter wheat genotypes were grown in RadiMax, a semifield root-screening facility.

The cytosine methylation landscape of spring barley revealed by a new reduced representation bisulfite sequencing pipeline, WellMeth.

Patterns and level of cytosine methylation vary widely among plant species and are associated with genome size as well as the proportion of transposons and other repetitive elements in the genome. We explored epigenetic patterns and diversity in a representative proportion of the spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genome across several commercial and historical cultivars.

Genomic prediction of yield and root development in wheat under changing water availability.

Background: Deeper roots help plants take up available resources in deep soil ensuring better growth and higher yields under conditions of drought. A large-scale semi-field root phenotyping facility was developed to allow a water availability gradient and detect potential interaction of genotype by water availability gradient. Genotyped winter wheat lines were grown as rows in four beds of this facility, where indirect genetic effects from neighbors could be important to trait variation.

Inhibition of urease activity by different compounds provides insight into the modulation and association of bacterial nickel import and ureolysis.

The nickel-dependent urease enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide. A number of bacteria produce urease (ureolytic bacteria) and are associated with various infectious diseases and ammonia emissions from agriculture. We report the first comprehensive comparison of the inhibition of urease activity by compounds analysed under the same conditions.

Synergistic Tannic Acid-Fluoride Inhibition of Ammonia Emissions and Simultaneous Reduction of Methane and Odor Emissions from Livestock Waste.

Gaseous emissions from livestock production are complex mixtures including ammonia, methane, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and HS. These contribute to eutrophication, reduced air quality, global warming, and odor nuisance. It is imperative that these gases are mitigated in an environmentally sustainable manner.

Development of a M9-based urea medium (M9U) for sensitive and real-time monitoring of ureolytic activity of bacteria and cell-free urease.

The enzyme urease is widespread in nature and catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to form ammonia and carbonic acid. The high proficiency of the enzyme is associated with a wide range of societal challenges. In agriculture, bacterial urease activity leads to loss of fertilizer through NH emission, which has a negative impact on the environment and human health.

Testing deep placement of an N tracer as a method for in situ deep root phenotyping of wheat, barley and ryegrass.

Background: Deep rooting is one of the most promising plant traits for improving crop yield under water-limited conditions. Most root phenotyping methods are designed for laboratory-grown plants, typically measuring very young plants not grown in soil and not allowing full development of the root system.

Results: This study introduced the N tracer method to detect genotypic variations of deep rooting and N uptake, and to support the minirhizotron method.

Language barriers and use of interpreters in two Danish paediatric emergency units.

Introduction: Paediatric consultations require safe and unambiguous communication. For children and adolescents of foreign ethnic and language backgrounds, professional interpretation may be crucial to avoid misunderstandings and malpractice. Knowledge about language barriers in paediatric consultations in the Danish healthcare is sparse.

Construction of a large-scale semi-field facility to study genotypic differences in deep root growth and resources acquisition.

Background: Roots are vital organs for plants, and the effective use of resources from the soil is important for yield stability. However, phenotypic variation in root traits among crop genotypes is mostly unknown and field screening of root development is costly and labour demanding. As a consequence, new methods are needed to investigate root traits of fully grown crops under field conditions, particularly roots in the deeper soil horizons.

Phosphorus acquisition efficiency in arbuscular mycorrhizal maize is correlated with the abundance of root-external hyphae and the accumulation of transcripts encoding PHT1 phosphate transporters.

Plant interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have long attracted interest for their potential to promote more efficient use of mineral resources in agriculture. Their use, however, remains limited by a lack of understanding of the processes that determine the outcome of the symbiosis. In this study, the impact of host genotype on growth response to mycorrhizal inoculation was investigated in a panel of diverse maize lines.

Evidence of molybdenum association with particulate organic matter under sulfidic conditions.

The geochemical behavior of molybdenum (Mo) in the oceans is closely linked to the presence of sulfide species in anoxic environments, where Fe availability may play a key role in the Mo scavenging. Here, we show that Mo(VI) is reduced in the presence of particulate organic matter (represented by sulfate-reducing bacteria). Molybdenum was immobilized at the surface of both living cells and dead/lysed cells, but not in cell-free control experiments.

Charge inversion of phospholipids by dimetal complexes for positive ion-mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis.

Phospholipids are vital constituents of living cells, as they are involved in signaling and membrane formation. Mass spectrometry analysis of many phospholipids is preferentially performed in the negative ion-mode because of their acidic nature. Here we have studied the potential of a digallium and dizinc complex to charge-invert a range of different types of phospholipids and measured their ion yield and fragmentation behavior in positive ion-mode tandem mass spectrometry.

Effect of Metals in Biomimetic Dimetal Complexes on Affinity and Gas-Phase Protection of Phosphate Esters.

Although the biomimetic dimetal complex [LGa2(OH)2(H2O)2](3+) [L = 2,6-bis((N,N'-bis(2-picolyl)amino)methyl)-4-tertbutylphenolate] provides efficient protection against phosphate loss in phosphopeptides upon collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID MS/MS), the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we explored the mechanism in detail and investigated the selective binding to phosphate groups in solution. Dimetal complexes containing combinations of Ga(3+), In(3+), Fe(3+), Co(3+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), and V(2+) were reacted with HPO4(2-), phosphoserine, and a phosphopeptide (FQpSEEQQQTEDELQDK, abbreviated "βcas") and studied with isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), CID MS/MS, and density functional theory (DFT).

The selectivity of water-based pyrophosphate recognition is tuned by metal substitution in dimetallic receptors.

The three dimetallic compounds [Ga2(bpbp)(OH)2(H2O)2](ClO4)3, [In2(bpbp)(CH3CO2)2](ClO4)3 and [Zn2(bpbp)(HCO2)2](ClO4) (bpbp(-) = 2,6-bis((N,N'-bis(2-picolyl)amino)methyl)-4-tertbutylphenolate) were evaluated as stable solid state precursors for reactive solution state receptors to use for the recognition of the biologically important anion pyrophosphate in water at neutral pH. Indicator displacement assays using in situ generated complex-pyrocatechol violet adducts, {M2(bpbp)(HxPV)}(n+) M = Ga(3+), In(3+), Zn(2+), were tested for selectivity in their reactions with a series of common anions: pyrophosphate, phosphate, ATP, arsenate, nitrate, perchlorate, chloride, sulfate, formate, carbonate and acetate. The receptor employing Ga(3+) showed a slow but visually detectable response (blue to yellow) in the presence of one equivalent of pyrophosphate but no response to any other anion, even when they were present in much higher concentrations.

Multiple persistent circumscribed pulmonary hematomas due to a blunt chest trauma.

A case of multiple sharply circumscribed pulmonary hematomas ("coin" lesions) following blunt, non-penetrating thoracic trauma, is reported. The finding mimicked cancerous "cannon ball" metastatic deposits. A computed tomographic scan combined with puncture biopsy provided the correct diagnosis.

Giant midesophageal pulsion diverticulum: a report of two operated cases.

A giant midesophageal pulsion diverticulum is a medical rarity. Two successfully operated cases are reported. One patient had no clinical symptoms and was misinterpreted as a mediastinal tumor.

[Help during the paratyfoid-A epidemic in Kirkenes in 1943-44].

Finnmark is the northernmost county in Norway. Kirkenes played a prominent part in the Second World War, and suffered 328 Russian bombing raids. In June 1943, there was an outbreak of paratyphoid A in the town.

Acute phlegmonous jejunitis and viridans streptococcal peritonitis associated with bronchial carcinoma.

A 61-y-old man developed acute non-specific phlegmonous jejunitis associated with relatively mild diffuse peritonitis. Bacteriological cultures of the abundant peritoneal fluid resulted in only growth of viridans streptococci (Streptococcus mitis and S. salivarius).

Tuberculosis diagnosed in a surgical department during 1974-93: a report of 32 cases.

During the period 1974-93, 32 patients (18 males, 14 females) with previously undiagnosed tuberculosis were admitted to the department of surgery and the surgical outpatient department of Buskerud Central Hospital. Of these, 26 were native Norwegians and 6 immigrants of Asian origin with an average age of 65 and 26 years, respectively. Of the native Norwegians, 14 patients had a past history of tuberculosis and 7 cases were associated with concomitant cancer.