The Three-year Outcome of Emotional Symptoms in Clinically Referred Youth with ADHD and their Relationship to Neuropsychological Functions.

Background: Further knowledge is needed regarding long-term outcome of emotional symptoms, and the interplay between these symptoms and neuropsychological functioning in youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Objective: We aimed to explore the effect of performance-based neurocognitive functions and parent-rated behavioral executive functioning (EF) on self-rated and parent-rated internalizing symptoms longitudinally in clinically referred youth with ADHD (n = 137; mean age = 12.4 years).

Perspectives on interstitial photodynamic therapy for malignant tumors.

Significance: Despite remarkable advances in the core modalities used in combating cancer, malignant diseases remain the second largest cause of death globally. Interstitial photodynamic therapy (IPDT) has emerged as an alternative approach for the treatment of solid tumors.

Aim: The aim of our study is to outline the advancements in IPDT in recent years and provide our vision for the inclusion of IPDT in standard-of-care (SoC) treatment guidelines of specific malignant diseases.

Gas Monitoring in Human Frontal Sinuses-Stability Considerations and Gas Exchange Studies.

Acute rhinosinusitis is a common infectious disease, which, in more than 90% of cases, is caused by viruses rather than by bacteria. Even so, antibiotics are often unnecessarily prescribed, and in the long run this contributes to the alarming level of antibiotics resistance. The reason is that there are no good guiding tools for defining the background reason of the infection.

Ripening of avocado fruits studied by spectroscopic techniques.

Avocados are considered very healthy due to the high content mono-unsaturated lipid, essential vitamins and minerals, minimal sugar and no cholesterol and are therefore sometimes referred to as "the perfect fruits". Avocados, mainly grown in Latin-America, are harvested unripe and sent overseas. However, the ripening process is very difficult to assess visually and tactilely.

Photodynamic therapy dosimetry using multiexcitation multiemission wavelength: toward real-time prediction of treatment outcome.

Evaluating the optical properties of biological tissues is needed to achieve accurate dosimetry during photodynamic therapy (PDT). Currently, accurate assessment of the photosensitizer (PS) concentration by fluorescence measurements during PDT is typically hindered by the lack of information about tissue optical properties. In the present work, a hand-held fiber-optic probe instrument monitoring fluorescence and reflectance is used for assessing blood volume, reduced scattering coefficient, and PS concentration facilitating accurate dosimetry for PDT.

Laser-based gas absorption spectroscopy in decaying hip bone: water vapor as a predictor of osteonecrosis.

Affluent blood flow through a complicated net of vessels supplies skeletal bone tissue with oxygen and nutrients. Due to accidental events or physiological processes, the blood supply might be deficient or even disrupted, and the healthy bone decays in a process that, for the hip location, is denoted as osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) or avascular femoral head necrosis. Early diagnosis is important for the prognosis.

Non-intrusive studies of gas contents and gas diffusion in hen eggs.

A detailed study of the condition of eggs was performed using tunable diode lasers to monitor free gas in hen eggs. We detected oxygen and water vapor signals from 13 unfertilized eggs and studied the growth of the egg air cell over a time period of 3 weeks. We also studied the gas exchange through the egg shell, which is of particular interest for fertilized eggs.

Towards an optical diagnostic system for otitis media using a combination of otoscopy and spectroscopy.

An improved method, where conventional otoscope investigation of human suspicious otitis media is combined with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) is being developed. Otitis media is one of the most common infectious diseases in children, whose Eustachian tube connecting the middle ear with the nasal cavity is more horizontal than for adults, which leads to impaired fluid drainage. At present, the use of an otoscope to visually observe possible changes in the tympanic membrane appearance is the main diagnostics method for otitis media.

The bat-bird-bug battle: daily flight activity of insects and their predators over a rice field revealed by high-resolution Scheimpflug Lidar.

We present the results of, to our knowledge, the first Lidar study applied to continuous and simultaneous monitoring of aerial insects, bats and birds. It illustrates how common patterns of flight activity, e.g.

Detection of free oxygen and water vapor in fertilized and unfertilized eggs by diode laser spectroscopy-Exploration of diagnostics possibilities.

Nonintrusive methods for characterizing food products are of increasing interest related to the greater awareness of food safety issues. Hen eggs are an important part in food consumption in most parts of the world. We have investigated an optical method utilizing tunable diode lasers for monitoring free gas in eggs.

Diagnostics of femoral head status in humans using laser spectroscopy - In vitro studies.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), a recalcitrant and disabling disease, is caused by inadequate or fully disrupted blood supply to the affected segment of the subchondral bone. Theoretically, there will develop gas-filled pores during the bone decay process due to lacking blood supply. Unfortunately, the relationship between the gas-filled pores and ONFH is still unclear.

Gas exchange in fruits related to skin condition and fruit ripening studied with diode laser spectroscopy.

The concentration of the biologically active molecular oxygen gas is of crucial importance for fruits in the metabolic respiration, maturation, and ripening processes. In our study, oxygen content and oxygen transport in fruits, exemplified by apples and guavas, were studied noninvasively by gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy. The technique is based on the fact that free gases typically have 10,000 times narrower absorption features than the bulk material.

Application of Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy for the Assessment of Food Quality.

Adequate food packaging is important to ensure food quality and prolong the shelf life of food. Frequently, the method of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is used. We used a tunable diode laser spectroscopy technique to detect the oxygen content in food packages, e.

Laser spectroscopy applied to environmental, ecological, food safety, and biomedical research.

Laser spectroscopy provides many possibilities for multi-disciplinary applications in environmental monitoring, in the ecological field, for food safety investigations, and in biomedicine. The paper gives several examples of the power of multi-disciplinary applications of laser spectroscopy as pursued in our research group. The studies utilize mostly similar and widely applicable spectroscopic approaches.

Diode laser spectroscopy for noninvasive monitoring of oxygen in the lungs of newborn infants.

Background: Newborn infants may have pulmonary disorders with abnormal gas distribution, e.g., respiratory distress syndrome.

Assessment of human sinus cavity air volume using tunable diode laser spectroscopy, with application to sinusitis diagnostics.

Sinusitis is a very common disease and improved diagnostic tools are desirable also in view of reducing over-prescription of antibiotics. A non-intrusive optical technique called GASMAS (GAs in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy), which has a true potential of being developed into an important complement to other means of detection, was utilized in this work. Water vapor in the frontal sinuses, related to the free gas volume, was studied at around 937 nm in healthy volunteers.

Optical detection of middle ear infection using spectroscopic techniques: phantom experiments.

A noninvasive optical technique, which is based on a combination of reflectance spectroscopy and gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy, is demonstrated. It has the potential to improve diagnostics of middle ear infections. An ear phantom prepared with a tissue cavity, which was covered with scattering material, was used for spectroscopic measurements.

Studies of tropical fruit ripening using three different spectroscopic techniques.

We present a noninvasive method to study fruit ripening. The method is based on the combination of reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopies, as well as gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS). Chlorophyll and oxygen are two of the most important constituents in the fruit ripening process.

Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution study following systemic administration of Fospeg®--a Pegylated liposomal mTHPC formulation in a murine model.

Fospeg® is a newly developed photosensitizer formulation based on meso-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC), with hydrophilic liposomes to carry the hydrophobic photosensitizer to the target tissue. In this study the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of Fospeg® were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography at various times (0.5-18 hours) following systemic i.

Noninvasive monitoring of gas in the lungs and intestines of newborn infants using diode lasers: feasibility study.

Preterm newborn infants have a high morbidity rate. The most frequently affected organs where free gas is involved are the lungs and intestines. In respiratory distress syndrome, both hyperexpanded and atelectatic (collapsed) areas occur, and in necrotizing enterocolitis, intramural gas may appear in the intestine.

Method for studying gas composition in the human mastoid cavity by use of laser spectroscopy.

Objectives: We evaluated a method for gas monitoring in the mastoid cavity using tunable diode laser spectroscopy by comparing it to simultaneously obtained computed tomographic (CT) scans.

Methods: The presented optical technique measures free gases, oxygen (O2), and water vapor (H2O) within human tissue by use of low-power diode lasers. Laser light was sent into the tip of the mastoid process, and the emerging light at the level of the antrum was captured with a detector placed on the skin.

Non-invasive diagnostics of the maxillary and frontal sinuses based on diode laser gas spectroscopy.

Problem: Suspected, but objectively absent, rhinosinusitis constitutes a major cause of visits to the doctor, high health care costs, and the over-prescription of antibiotics, contributing to the serious problem of resistant bacteria. This situation is largely due to a lack of reliable and widely applicable diagnostic methods.

Method: A novel method for the diagnosis of rhinosinusitis based on non-intrusive diode laser gas spectroscopy is presented.

In vivo measurements of diffuse reflectance and time-resolved autofluorescence emission spectra of basal cell carcinomas.

We present a clinical investigation of diffuse reflectance and time-resolved autofluorescence spectra of skin cancer with an emphasis on basal cell carcinoma. A total of 25 patients were measured using a compact steady-state diffuse reflectance/fluorescence spectrometer and a fibre-optic-coupled multispectral time-resolved spectrofluorometer. Measurements were performed in vivo prior to surgical excision of the investigated region.

Nonintrusive gas monitoring in neonatal lungs using diode laser spectroscopy: feasibility study.

A feasibility study on noninvasive, real-time monitoring of gases in lungs of preterm infants is reported, where a laser-spectroscopic technique using diode lasers tuned to oxygen and water vapor absorption lines was employed on realistic tissue phantoms. Our work suggests that the technique could provide a new possibility for surveillance of the lung function of preterm infants, in particular the oxygenation, which is of prime importance in this patient group.