Unveiling the Influence of Hot Carriers on Photovoltage Formation in Perovskite Solar Cells.

The experimental and theoretical study of photovoltage formation in perovskite solar cells under pulsed laser excitation at 0.53 μm wavelength is presented. Two types of solar cells were fabricated on the base of cesium-containing triple cation perovskite films: (1) Cs(FAMA)Pb(IBr) and (2) Cs(FAMA)PbSn(IBr).

Competition between Direct Detection Mechanisms in Planar Bow-Tie Microwave Diodes on the Base of InAlAs/InGaAs/InAlAs Heterostructures.

The application of the unique properties of terahertz radiation is increasingly needed in sensors, especially in those operating at room temperature without an external bias voltage. Bow-tie microwave diodes on the base of InGaAs semiconductor structures meet these requirements. These diodes operate on the basis of free-carrier heating in microwave electric fields, which allows for the use of such sensors in millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength ranges.

Photoelectric Properties of Planar and Mesoporous Structured Perovskite Solar Cells.

The high efficiency of perovskite solar cells strongly depends on the quality of perovskite films and carrier extraction layers. Here, we present the results of an investigation of the photoelectric properties of solar cells based on perovskite films grown on compact and mesoporous titanium dioxide layers. Kinetics of charge carrier transport and their extraction in triple-cation perovskite solar cells were studied by using transient photovoltage and time-resolved photoluminescence decay measurements.

Indirect Measurement of Electron Energy Relaxation Time at Room Temperature in Two-Dimensional Heterostructured Semiconductors.

Hot carriers are a critical issue in modern photovoltaics and miniaturized electronics. We present a study of hot electron energy relaxation in different two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) structures and compare the measured values with regard to the dimensionality of the semiconductor formations. Asymmetrically necked structures containing different types of AlGaAs/GaAs single quantum wells, GaAs/InGaAs layers, or bulk highly and lowly doped GaAs formations were investigated.

Impact of Cesium Concentration on Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Halide Perovskites.

Performance of a perovskite solar cell is largely influenced by the optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskite films. Here we study the influence of cesium concentration on morphology, crystal structure, photoluminescence and optical properties of the triple cation perovskite film. Incorporation of small amount (x = 0.

Sensitive Planar Microwave Diode on the Base of Ternary AlGaAs Semiconductor Compound.

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the dc and high-frequency electrical characteristics of planar microwave diodes that are fabricated on the base of the -AlGaAs layer ( = 0, 0.15 or 0.3), epitaxially grown on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate.

Low Resistance TiO/p-Si Heterojunction for Tandem Solar Cells.

Niobium-doped titanium dioxide (TiNbO) films were grown on -type Si substrates at low temperature (170 °C) using an atomic layer deposition technique. The as-deposited films were amorphous and showed low electrical conductivity. The films became electrically well-conducting and crystallized into the an anatase structure upon reductive post-deposition annealing at 600 °C in an H atmosphere for 30 min.

Impact ionization and intervalley electron scattering in InSb and InAs induced by a single terahertz pulse.

Electronic properties of InSb and InAs are sensitive to electric field due to their narrow forbidden energy gaps and big difference in effective masses of electrons in different conduction band valleys. Here we report impact ionization processes and redistribution of electrons between the Γ, L and X valleys induced by a single ultrashort terahertz (THz) pulse at 80 K temperature. Monte Carlo simulation revealed that electron motion in this case has near ballistic character.

Gated Bow-Tie Diode for Microwave to Sub-Terahertz Detection.

We propose a new design microwave radiation sensor based on a selectively doped semiconductor structure of asymmetrical shape (so-called bow-tie diode). The novelty of the design comes down to the gating of the active layer of the diode above different regions of the two-dimensional electron channel. The gate influences the sensing properties of the bow-tie diode depending on the nature of voltage detected across the ungated one as well as on the location of the gate in regard to the diode contacts.

Conjoined twins: the ambiguity of double effect reasoning.

This essay explores the ethical debate that surrounds last year's case of conjoined ischiopagus tetrapus twins, Mary and Jodie. More precisely, it focuses on those arguments that involved double effect reasoning (DER). A classic model of DER is offered, followed by a summary of the opinions of theologians and philosophers in debating whether such reasoning could be used to justify the surgical separation of these babies.

Requests for inappropriate treatment: can a doctor "just say no"?

This essay examines (1) the underlying philosophical considerations when patients or decision makers request "inappropriate treatment"; (2) questions to consider in determining if the treatment sought would be ineffective, or, in the words of Weijer et al., effective toward a controversial end; and (3) practical ways to resolve such conflicts.

Profile patterns in the 16PF questionnaire.

The study goal was to identify the main clusters of 16PF score profiles to be found in a mixed sample of students and adults. The 300 subjects represented, half male and half female, were subdivided into three equal subsamples. To demonstrate replicability, the three subsamples were cluster analyzed by three procedures: Nonhierarchical average linkage, minimum variance, and K-means.

A Cluster Analytic Approach To MMPI Profile Types.

Aims were to identify the profile types present in MMPI scale scores using Ward's hierarchical procedure and a nonhierarchical average linkage method. One data set consisted of the 35 code types developed by Gilberstadt-Duker and Marks-Seeman-Haller. Another data set consisted of Lanyon's group profiles of 210 diagnostic classes.

Comparison Of Item-Level And Score-Level Typological Analysis: A Simulation Study.

A method of typological analysis was applied to computer-generated l 96-item "questionnaire" data for 100 cases, under a variety of conditions as to: a. response pattern differentiation in the data; b. similarity index used; c.

MODES OF INTERPERSONAL RESPONSE TO PEERS.

The study sought to (a) identify the main response patterns elicited by six types of interpersonal stimuli, and (a) test the effect of varying the sex of the agent and the age of the respondent. A Schedule of Interpersonal Response (SIR) designed to reflect the six classes of stimuli and two to four possible response modes was constructed. A factor analysis of 70 homogeneous subtests yielded five interpretable factors.