The Roots of Psychosomatic Medicine II: George L. Engel.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to examine and appreciate the contributions of George Libman Engel, MD, to psychosomatic medicine.

Conclusion: Engel was a prolific researcher, medical educator, and writer who championed the biopsychosocial model, which has been widely embraced and practiced in psychiatry and medicine to this day. In the late 1970s, when Engel published his seminal article on the biopsychosocial model, the dominant model of medicine was still the biomedical model.

Looking at the roots of psychosomatic medicine: Adolf Meyer.

Background: Adolf Meyer, the first Professor of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins, and Chief of the Phipps Clinic, brought a bevy of new ideas to clinical practice and to medical education. He used the word "psychobiology," which helped to establish psychosomatic medicine and formed the basis for Engel's "biopsychosocial" concept.

Objective: This paper aims to review the contributions of Adolf Meyer, who proposed that in studying patients, it was impossible to consider the mind and body separately.

Effect of atrioventricular conduction prolongation on optimization of paced atrioventricular delay for biventricular pacing after cardiac surgery.

Objectives: Atrioventricular conduction prolongation (AVCP) in cardiac pacing is measurable and results primarily from delayed atrial conduction. Noninvasive methods for measuring atrial conduction are lacking. Accordingly, AVCP was used to estimate atrial conduction and investigate its role on the paced atrioventricular delay (pAVD) during biventricular pacing (BiVP) optimization.