Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in Wisconsin children and adolescents.

Background: The epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections in the pediatric population is not well described. We estimated the incidence of NTM infection in Wisconsin children and adolescents, and the frequency and type of infection caused by different NTM pathogens. Associations between NTM infection and race/ethnicity and social disadvantage, respectively, were also investigated.

Surveillance for Coccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and Blastomycosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, 2019-2021.

Coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis are lower respiratory tract fungal infections whose signs and symptoms can resemble those of other respiratory illnesses, including pneumonia caused by bacterial or viral etiologies; this overlap in clinical presentation might lead to missed or delayed diagnoses. The causative fungi live in the environment, often in soil or plant matter. To describe the epidemiologic characteristics of cases of coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis during the COVID-19 pandemic, CDC analyzed case surveillance data for 2019-2021.

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in Wisconsin Adults and Its Relationship to Race and Social Disadvantage.

Population-based data on the epidemiology of nontuberculosis mycobacterial (NTM) infections are limited, particularly with respect to variation in NTM infection among racial groups and socioeconomic strata. Wisconsin is one of a handful of states where mycobacterial disease is notifiable, allowing large, population-based analyses of the epidemiology of NTM infection in this state. To estimate the incidence of NTM infection in Wisconsin adults, describe the geographic distribution of NTM infection across the state, identify the frequency and type of infection caused by different NTM species, and investigate associations between NTM infection and demographics and socioeconomic status.

Human-to-Cattle Complex Transmission in the United States.

The complex (MTBC) species includes both , the primary cause of human tuberculosis (TB), and , the primary cause of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), as well as other closely related species. Zoonotic transmission of from cattle to humans was recognized more than a century ago, but transmission of MTBC species from humans to cattle is less often recognized. Within the last decade, multiple published reports from around the world describe human-to-cattle transmission of MTBC.

COVID-19 Outbreak at an Overnight Summer School Retreat - Wisconsin, July-August 2020.

During July 2-August 11, 2020, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred at a boys' overnight summer school retreat in Wisconsin. The retreat included 152 high school-aged boys, counselors, and staff members from 21 states and territories and two foreign countries. All attendees were required to provide documentation of either a positive serologic test result* within the past 3 months or a negative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests result for SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) ≤7 days before travel, to self-quarantine within their households for 7 days before travel, and to wear masks during travel.

Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients With Blastomycosis.

Background: Blastomyces is a dimorphic fungus that infects persons with or without underlying immunocompromise. To date, no study has compared the clinical features and outcomes of blastomycosis between immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons.

Methods: A retrospective study of adult patients with proven blastomycosis from 2004-2016 was conducted at the University of Wisconsin.

Evaluation of modified Wright-staining of dried urinary sediment as a method for accurate detection of bacteriuria in cats.

Background: Urinary sediment examination and quantitative urinary culture results are frequently discordant.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare accuracy of light microscopic examination of wet-mounted unstained (wet-unstained) and air-dried modified Wright-stained (dry-stained) sedimented preparations of urine with results of quantitative aerobic bacterial culture for detection and characterization of bacteriuria in cats. In addition, the presence of pyuria detected by urinalysis and potential risk factors were assessed.

Evaluation of modified Wright-staining of urine sediment as a method for accurate detection of bacteriuria in dogs.

Objective: To compare the findings of light microscopic evaluation of routine unstained wet-mounted preparations and air-dried, modified Wright-stained preparations of urine sediment with results of quantitative aerobic bacteriologic culture of urine.

Design: Masked prospective study.

Sample Population: 459 urine samples collected by cystocentesis from 441 dogs.