Selective IgG binding to the LPS glycolipid core found in bovine colostrum, or milk, during mastitis influences endotoxin function.

The dynamic interplay between intramammary IgG, formation of antigen-IgG complexes and effector immune cell function is essential for immune homeostasis within the bovine mammary gland. We explore how changes in the recognition and binding of anti-LPS IgG to the glycolipid "functional" core in milk from healthy or clinically diagnosed mastitis cows' controls endotoxin function. In colostrum, we found a varied anti-LPS IgG repertoire and novel soluble LPS/IgG complexes with direct IgG binding to the LPS glycolipid core.

Daily Consumption of an Anthocyanin-Rich Extract Made From New Zealand Blackcurrants for 5 Weeks Supports Exercise Recovery Through the Management of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Pilot Study.

Regular exercise is essential to a healthy lifestyle but evokes an oxidative and inflammatory stress. Depending upon its intensity and duration this can result in either beneficial adaptive changes or underlying tissue damage that impacts upon long-term health and individual sporting training schedules. Functional foods containing plant bioactives have potential to support exercise through management of the detrimental aspects of exercise and complement ergonomic adaptive benefits.

Timed consumption of a New Zealand blackcurrant juice support positive affective responses during a self-motivated moderate walking exercise in healthy sedentary adults.

Background: Affective responses experienced during exercise are a significant determinant on exercise adherence. We have previously demonstrated that consumption of New Zealand (NZ) blackcurrants preserves cognition by attenuating the feeling of fatigue. This positive affective response correlated with the ability of blackcurrant polyphenols to support monoamine neurotransmission via inhibition of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activity.

Consumption of an Anthocyanin-Rich Extract Made From New Zealand Blackcurrants Prior to Exercise May Assist Recovery From Oxidative Stress and Maintains Circulating Neutrophil Function: A Pilot Study.

To evaluate blackcurrant anthocyanin-rich extract (BAE) consumption on time- and dose-dependent plasma anthocyanin bioavailability and conduct a pilot study to explore the potential effect of BAE in promoting recovery from exercise-induced oxidative stress, and maintenance of circulating neutrophil function. Time- and dose-dependent blackcurrant anthocyanin bioavailability was assessed using LC-MS in 12 participants over 6 h after the ingestion of a placebo or BAE containing 0.8, 1.

Effect of New Zealand blueberry consumption on recovery from eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage.

Background: Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is accompanied by localized oxidative stress / inflammation which, in the short-term at least, is associated with impaired muscular performance. Dietary antioxidants have been shown to reduce excessive oxidative stress; however, their effectiveness in facilitating recovery following EIMD is not clear. Blueberries demonstrate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Blackcurrant proanthocyanidins augment IFN-gamma-induced suppression of IL-4 stimulated CCL26 secretion in alveolar epithelial cells.

Epidemiological studies reveal that fruit consumption reduces the prevalence of airway inflammation and childhood asthma. In particular, blackcurrant polyphenolic extracts have been shown to alleviate lung inflammation. Since IL-4-stimulated eotaxin-3 (CCL26) secretion is a major factor in the continuous eosinophil recruitment observed in atopic asthma, our focus was to evaluate the effectiveness of blackcurrant polyphenolic compounds on CCL26 secretion in human alveolar epithelial cells.

Blueberry fruit polyphenolics suppress oxidative stress-induced skeletal muscle cell damage in vitro.

Skeletal muscle damage can result from disease and unaccustomed or excessive exercise. Muscle dysfunction occurs via an increased level of reactive oxygen species and hence there is potential in antioxidants as amelioration strategies. We explored the putative benefit of fruit polyphenolic extracts in reducing the susceptibility of skeletal muscle cells to oxidative stress.

Exercise-induced elevation in plasma oxidative generating capability augments the temporal inflammatory response stimulated by lipopolysaccharide.

Prolonged oxidative stress is detrimental to health; however, transient oxidative stress may improve immune capability. We examined whether exercise-induced increases in the plasma oxidative generating capability enhance immune responsiveness to potential pathogens. Twelve individuals underwent a 30-min row and pre and post-exercise bloods were collected for oxidative stress and immune assessment.

Development and validation of a sensitive immunoassay for the skeletal muscle isoform of creatine kinase.

Creatine kinase (CK) is a marker of muscle damage and pathology present as multiple tissue-specific circulating isoforms. CK is often measured using enzyme activity assays that are unable to distinguish these isoforms. We have developed an immunoassay specific for the MM isoform of CK, found predominantly in skeletal muscle, which uses very small volumes of plasma (1-2 microL).

Differential regulation of neutrophil-activating chemokines by IL-6 and its soluble receptor isoforms.

Interleukin-6 signaling via its soluble receptor (sIL-6R) differentially regulates inflammatory chemokine expression and leukocyte apoptosis to coordinate transition from neutrophil to mononuclear cell infiltration. sIL-6R activities may, however, be influenced in vivo by the occurrence of two sIL-6R isoforms that are released as a consequence of differential mRNA splicing (DS) or proteolytic cleavage (PC) of the cognate IL-6R (termed DS- and PC-sIL-6R). Using human peritoneal mesothelial cells and a murine model of peritoneal inflammation, studies described in this work have compared the ability of both isoforms to regulate neutrophil recruitment.

Interplay between IFN-gamma and IL-6 signaling governs neutrophil trafficking and apoptosis during acute inflammation.

Regulated recruitment and clearance of neutrophils (PMN) is the hallmark of competent host defense and resolution of inflammation. We now report that IFN-gamma controls PMN infiltration and modulates IL-6 signaling through its soluble receptor (sIL-6R) to promote their apoptosis and clearance. Induction of peritoneal inflammation in IFN-gamma-deficient (IFN-gamma-/-) mice emphasized that the initial rate of PMN recruitment was impaired.

Secretion of oncostatin M by infiltrating neutrophils: regulation of IL-6 and chemokine expression in human mesothelial cells.

Recently, we identified that regulation of leukocyte recruitment by IL-6 requires shedding of the IL-6R from infiltrating neutrophils. In this study, experiments have examined whether other IL-6-related cytokines possess similar properties. Levels of oncostatin M (OSM) and leukemia inhibitory factor were analyzed in patients with overt bacterial peritonitis during the first 5 days of infection.