Use of non-barrier contraceptives among women with human immunodeficiency virus; a nationwide, matched cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the use of non-barrier contraceptives among women with HIV (WWH) compared to women from the general population (WGP) in Denmark.

Design: Nationwide population-based matched cohort study.

Methods: We included WWH aged 16-50, treated at an HIV specialized clinic, and included in The Danish HIV Cohort Study between 1995-2021 and an age-matched comparison cohort of WGP.

Survival among people with HIV and their families in Denmark 1995-2021: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Background: Survival among people with HIV (PWH) has vastly improved globally over the last few decades but remains lower than among the general population. We aimed to estimate time trends of survival among PWH and their families from 1995 to 2021.

Methods: We conducted a registry-based, nationwide, population-based, matched cohort study.

Questioning risk compensation: pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men, capital region of Denmark, 2019 to 2022.

BackgroundPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectively prevents HIV, but its association with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has raised concerns about risk compensation, potentially impacting the expansion of PrEP programmes.AimWe examined the relationship between PrEP and the incidence of chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we compared STI rates before and after PrEP initiation among users in the capital region of Denmark (2019-2022), calculating incidence rate ratios adjusted for age and testing frequency (aIRR).

Short course antibiotic treatment of Gram-negative bacteraemia (GNB5): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Prolonged use of antibiotics is closely related to antibiotic-associated infections, antimicrobial resistance and adverse drug events. The optimal duration of antibiotic treatment for Gram-negative bacteremia (GNB) with a urinary tract source of infection is poorly defined.

Methods And Analysis: Investigator-initiated multicentre, non-blinded, non-inferiority randomised controlled trial with two parallel treatment arms.

Incidence of Childbirth, Pregnancy, Spontaneous Abortion, and Induced Abortion Among Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in a Nationwide Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Reproductive health in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WWH) has improved in recent decades. We aimed to investigate incidences of childbirth, pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, and induced abortion among WWH in a nationwide, population-based, matched cohort study.

Methods: We included all WWH aged 20-40 years treated at an HIV healthcare center in Denmark from 1995 to 2021 and a matched comparison cohort of women from the general population (WGP).

Outcomes following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection among individuals with and without HIV in Denmark.

Objective: To compare the risk of a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes in people with HIV (PWH) with the general population, and estimate the association with vaccination status.

Design: A nationwide, population based, matched cohort study.

Methods: We included all Danish PWH ≥18 years ( n  = 5276) and an age and sex-matched general population cohort ( n  = 42 308).

Length of stay in Denmark before HIV diagnosis and linkage to care: a population-based study of migrants living with HIV, Denmark, 1995 to 2020.

BackgroundMigrants face an increased risk of HIV infection and late presentation for HIV care.AimTo examine delays in HIV diagnosis, linkage to care (LTC), and risk of late presentation for migrants living with HIV in Denmark.MethodsWe conducted a population-based, nationwide study of adult migrants (n = 2,166) presenting for HIV care between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2020 in Denmark.

Low incidence of HCC in chronic hepatitis C patients with pretreatment liver stiffness measurements below 17.5 kilopascal who achieve SVR following DAAs.

Background And Aims: To evaluate the ability of pretreatment liver stiffness measurements (pLSM) to predict hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), incident decompensation and all-cause mortality in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs).

Methods: 773 CHC patients with SVR after DAA treatment and no prior liver complications were identified retrospectively. Optimized cut-off of 17.

[Tularaemia in two patients referred on suspicion of cancer mammae and cancer occulta].

Tularaemia (rabbit fever) is a rare infection caused by Francisella tularensis, which can be transmitted from hares and rats to humans by ticks. We present two case reports of patients with tularaemia. Both were initially referred on suspicion of cancer.

Influence of Referral Pathway on Ebola Virus Disease Case-Fatality Rate and Effect of Survival Selection Bias.

Case-fatality rates in Ebola treatment centers (ETCs) varied widely during the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa. We assessed the influence of referral pathway on ETC case-fatality rates with a retrospective cohort of 126 patients treated at the Mathaska ETC in Port Loko, Sierra Leone. The patients consisted of persons who had confirmed EVD when transferred to the ETC or who had been diagnosed onsite.

Mortality Rates in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C and Cirrhosis Compared With the General Population: A Danish Cohort Study.

Background: Knowledge about mortality rates (MRs) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with cirrhosis is limited. This study aimed to estimate all-cause MRs among patients with CHC with or without cirrhosis in Denmark compared with the general population.

Methods: Patients registered in the Danish Database for Hepatitis B and C with CHC and a liver fibrosis assessment were eligible for inclusion.

Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus during pregnancy and delivery in Denmark.

Objective: In Denmark, pregnant women have been screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) since 2005, and children born to HBV-infected mothers offered hepatitis B immunoglobulin at birth, vaccination against HBV at birth and after 1, 2 and 12 months. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of vertical HBV transmission in children born to mothers with chronic HBV infection, to investigate the antibody response in the children and to investigate possible maternal predictive risk factors for HBV transmission.

Materials And Methods: Through the Danish Database for Hepatitis B and C, we identified 589 HBV-infected women who had given birth to 686 children, of whom 370 children were born to 322 women referred to hospital.

Hospital admission among HIV-exposed uninfected children compared with HIV-unexposed children.

Objective: The main objective of this study was, on a national level, to investigate the risk of in-hospital admissions and use of antibiotics during the first 4 years of life among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children compared with a matched control group of HIV-unexposed children.

Design: A nationwide register-based cohort study.

Methods: All HEU children born in Denmark from 2000 to 2012 were individually matched to five HIV-unexposed controls.

The Danish PEP Registry: Experience with the use of post-exposure prophylaxis following blood exposure to HIV from 1999-2012.

Background: The risk of occupational exposures to blood cannot be eliminated completely and access to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent HIV transmission is important. However, PEP administration has been associated with frequent adverse effects, low compliance and difficulties to ensure a proper risk assessment. This nationwide study describes 14 years of experience with the use of PEP following blood exposure in Denmark.

Perception of sexuality and fertility in women living with HIV: a questionnaire study from two Nordic countries.

Introduction: As the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive population ages, issues concerning sexuality and fertility, among others, are becoming relevant. HIV is still surrounded by stigma and taboos, and there have been few studies conducted in industrialized settings concerning these questions. We therefore wanted to investigate the perception of sexuality and fertility in women living with HIV (WLWH) in an industrialized setting, using a questionnaire.

Genetic variants in the apoptosis gene BCL2L1 improve response to interferon-based treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection.

Genetic variation upstream of the apoptosis pathway has been associated with outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We investigated genetic polymorphisms in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway to assess their influence on sustained virological response (SVR) to pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin (pegIFN/RBV) treatment of HCV genotypes 1 and 3 infections. We conducted a candidate gene association study in a prospective cohort of 201 chronic HCV-infected individuals undergoing treatment with pegIFN/RBV.

Nationwide experience of treatment with protease inhibitors in chronic hepatitis C patients in Denmark: identification of viral resistance mutations.

Background And Aims: The first standard of care in treatment of chronic HCV genotype 1 infection involving directly acting antivirals was protease inhibitors telaprevir or boceprevir combined with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin (triple therapy). Phase III studies include highly selected patients. Thus, treatment response and development of viral resistance during triple therapy in a routine clinical setting needs to be determined.

[Safety engineered devices prevent needle stick injuries].

Needle stick injuries are common among health-care personnel. There is a potential risk of transmitted infection, which is why directives and guidelines have formulated advices and law suggestions to prevent the accidents. Among these advices is implementation of safety engineered devices that have been suggested to reduce the risk significantly, which is proved by several clinical trials.

[Primary Epstein-Barr virus infections with neurological complications in two middle-aged men].

Primary infections with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) often lead to infectious mononucleosis with sore throat, lymphadenopathy and hepatitis, especially in youngsters. However, neurological complications can occur even in immunocompetent individuals. We report two case stories of two middle-aged men with primary EBV infections who presented severe neurological manifestations of the disease, but both fully recovered.

Imported melioidosis in Danish travellers: a diagnostic challenge.

Infections with Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis) are rare events in Scandinavian countries, but the bacterium may be contracted during travel to endemic areas, i.e. Southeast Asia (especially Thailand) and northern Australia.

The Danish PEP registry: experience with the use of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) following sexual exposure to HIV from 1998 to 2006.

Background: Studies indicate that antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) after sexual exposure to HIV reduce the risk of infection considerably. Since 1998 PEP after sexual HIV exposure within the preceding 24 hours, has been available in Denmark. PEP can only be prescribed at clinical centers with specialists experienced in HIV treatment.

[Trichinellosis after consumption of meat imported from Poland].

Infection with trichinellosis is acquired through consumption of raw or insufficiently processed meat which is contaminated with infectious Trichinella species. This parasitic infection is rare in Denmark. In June 2007, a Danish woman was diagnosed with trichinellosis after ingesting a Polish tea sausage.

Post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV infection in healthcare workers: recommendations for the European setting.

The European Commission funded a project for the standardisation of the management of occupational exposures to HIV/blood-borne infections and antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in Europe. Within this project, the following recommendations and rationale were formulated by experts representative of participating countries. Based on assessment of the exposure, material, and source characteristics, PEP should be started as soon as possible with any triple combination of antiretrovirals approved for the treatment of HIV-infected patients; initiation is discouraged after 72 hours Rapid HIV testing of the source could reduce inappropriate PEP.