Disruption of a ∼23-24 nucleotide small RNA pathway elevates DNA damage responses in .

Endogenous RNA interference (RNAi) pathways regulate a wide range of cellular processes in diverse eukaryotes, yet in the ciliated eukaryote, , the cellular purpose of RNAi pathways that generate ∼23-24 nucleotide (nt) small (s)RNAs has remained unknown. Here, we investigated the phenotypic and gene expression impacts on vegetatively growing cells when genes involved in ∼23-24 nt sRNA biogenesis are disrupted. We observed slower proliferation and increased expression of genes involved in DNA metabolism and chromosome organization and maintenance in sRNA biogenesis mutants Δ, Δ, and Δ.

Integrating physical activity into the treatment of depression in adults: A qualitative enquiry.

Around 246 million people globally suffer from depression. Physical activity (PA) can reduce the risk of depression by 30% and is recognised as an effective treatment for mild-to-moderate depression (MMD). However, a high proportion of patients with MMD are currently inactive and the implementation of PA as an adherent treatment for MMD is not well understood.

Women's views on contact with a health visitor during pregnancy: an interview study.

Aim: To explore recent mothers' views of the health visiting antenatal contact in England.

Background: English health visitors are mandated to be in contact with all women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The aim of this antenatal contact is to assess the needs of the family before the birth and support preparation for parenthood.

Pregnancy related risk perception in pregnant women, midwives & doctors: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Risk perception in relation to pregnancy and birth is a complex process influenced by multiple personal, psychological and societal factors. Traditionally, the risk perception of healthcare professionals has been presented as more objective and authoritative than that of pregnant women. Doctors have been presented as more concerned with biomedical risk than midwives.

A Showcase of Medical, Therapeutic and Pastime Uses of Virtual Reality (VR) and How (VR) Is Impacting the Dementia Sector.

Dementia is on the rise as our population ages and it is still untreatable. Our global society is changing but so is our technological landscape. Virtual Reality has been around for a while but it has not been widely adopted within the general healthcare sector, never mind for niche use cases, that is until now….

Women's views of continuity of information provided during and after pregnancy: A qualitative interview study.

Straightforward transfer of care from pregnancy to the postpartum period is associated with health benefits and is desired by women worldwide. Underpinning this transfer of care is the sharing of information between healthcare professionals and the provision of consistent information to women. In this qualitative study, two aspects of continuity of information were examined; first the information passed on from midwife to health visitor regarding a woman and her baby before the health visitor meets the woman postnatally and second, the consistency of information received by women from these two healthcare professionals (the main healthcare providers during and after pregnancy in England).

Evaluation of expressive writing for postpartum health: a randomised controlled trial.

Pregnancy, birth and adjusting to a new baby is a potentially stressful time that can negatively affect the health of women. There is some evidence that expressive writing can have positive effects on psychological and physical health, particularly during stressful periods. The current study aimed to evaluate whether expressive writing would improve women's postpartum health.

Feasibility and acceptability of expressive writing with postpartum women: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Pregnancy, birth and adjusting to a new baby is a potentially stressful time that can negatively affect women's mental and physical health. Expressive writing, where people write about a stressful event for at least 15 min on three consecutive days, has been associated with improved health in some groups but it is not clear whether it is feasible and acceptable for use with postpartum women. This study therefore examined the feasibility and acceptability of expressive writing for postpartum women as part of a randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Seeking help for perinatal psychological distress: a meta-synthesis of women's experiences.

Background: Women may not seek help for perinatal psychological distress, despite regular contact with primary care services. Barriers include ignorance of symptoms, inability to disclose distress, others' attitudes, and cultural expectations. Much of the evidence has been obtained from North American populations and may not, therefore, extrapolate to the UK.

Diagnosis and management of perinatal depression and anxiety in general practice: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.

Background: Up to 20% of women experience anxiety and depression during the perinatal period. In the UK, management of perinatal mental health falls under the remit of GPs.

Aim: This review aimed at synthesising the available information from qualitative studies on GPs' attitudes, recognition, and management of perinatal anxiety and depression.

Performance of basic kinematic thresholds in the identification of crash and near-crash events within naturalistic driving data.

Understanding causal factors for traffic safety-critical events (e.g., crashes and near-crashes) is an important step in reducing their frequency and severity.

How women with high risk pregnancies perceive interactions with healthcare professionals when discussing place of birth: A qualitative study.

Objectives: to investigate women's perceptions of interactions with obstetricians and midwives during high risk pregnancies. The intention was to examine differences and similarities between women planning to give birth at home or in hospital.

Design: qualitative study using semi-structured interviews.

Risk perception and choice of place of birth in women with high risk pregnancies: A qualitative study.

Objective To examine the perception of risk among a group of women with high risk pregnancies who were either planning to give birth in hospital, or at home despite medical advice to the contrary. The intention was to consider differences and similarities between the groups to examine how perception of risk relates to choice of place of birth. Design Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews.

Decision-making regarding place of birth in high-risk pregnancy: a qualitative study.

Introduction: Women consider factors including safety and the psychological impact of their chosen location when deciding whether to give birth in hospital or at home. The same is true for women with high-risk pregnancies who may plan homebirths against medical advice. This study investigated women's decision-making during high-risk pregnancies.

The effects of age on crash risk associated with driver distraction.

Background: Driver distraction is a major contributing factor to crashes, which are the leading cause of death for the US population under 35 years of age. The prevalence of secondary-task engagement and its impacts on distraction and crashes may vary substantially by driver age.

Methods: Driving performance and behaviour data were collected continuously using multiple cameras and sensors in situ for 3542 participant drivers recruited for up to 3 years for the Second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study.

Naturalistic teenage driving study: Findings and lessons learned.

Introduction: This paper summarizes the findings on novice teenage driving outcomes (e.g., crashes and risky driving behaviors) from the Naturalistic Teenage Driving Study.

How women with high risk pregnancies use lay information when considering place of birth: A qualitative study.

Introduction: Where to give birth is a key decision in pregnancy. Women use information from family, friends and other sources besides healthcare professionals when contemplating this decision. This study explored women's use of lay information during high risk pregnancies in order to examine differences and similarities in the use of information in relation to planned place of birth.

Target Discrimination in Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Requires Upf1 ATPase Activity.

RNA quality-control pathways get rid of faulty RNAs and therefore must be able to discriminate these RNAs from those that are normal. Here we present evidence that the adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) cycle of the SF1 helicase Upf1 is required for mRNA discrimination during nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Mutations affecting the Upf1 ATPase cycle disrupt the mRNA selectivity of Upf1, leading to indiscriminate accumulation of NMD complexes on both NMD target and non-target mRNAs.

Higher crash and near-crash rates in teenaged drivers with lower cortisol response: an 18-month longitudinal, naturalistic study.

Importance: Road traffic crashes are one of the leading causes of injury and death among teenagers worldwide. Better understanding of the individual pathways to driving risk may lead to better-targeted intervention in this vulnerable group.

Objective: To examine the relationship between cortisol, a neurobiological marker of stress regulation linked to risky behavior, and driving risk.

Distracted driving and risk of road crashes among novice and experienced drivers.

Background: Distracted driving attributable to the performance of secondary tasks is a major cause of motor vehicle crashes both among teenagers who are novice drivers and among adults who are experienced drivers.

Methods: We conducted two studies on the relationship between the performance of secondary tasks, including cell-phone use, and the risk of crashes and near-crashes. To facilitate objective assessment, accelerometers, cameras, global positioning systems, and other sensors were installed in the vehicles of 42 newly licensed drivers (16.

The psychological impact of a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Research on the experience of receiving and living with a diagnosis of dementia is sparse. Existing studies have focused on the initial reactions to the diagnosis rather than longer term adjustment and coping. The current study uses interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore personal experiences of receiving a diagnosis and to investigate aspects of the experience of adjusting and adapting to dementia.

Variability in crash and near-crash risk among novice teenage drivers: a naturalistic study.

Objective: Using video monitoring technologies, we investigated teenage driving risk variation during the first 18 months of independent driving.

Study Design: Driving data were collected on 42 teenagers whose vehicles were instrumented with sophisticated video and data recording devices. Surveys on demographic and personality characteristics were administered at baseline.

A metasynthesis of risk perception in women with high risk pregnancies.

Introduction: risk perception in women with high risk pregnancies affects their decisions about perinatal care and is of interest to anyone involved in the care of pregnant women. This paper provides a metasynthesis of qualitative studies of risk perception in women with high risk pregnancies.

Methods: a systematic search of eight electronic databases was conducted.

Emerging roles for ribonucleoprotein modification and remodeling in controlling RNA fate.

In the cell, mRNAs and non-coding RNAs exist in association with proteins to form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Regulation of RNP stability and function is achieved by alterations to the RNP through poorly understood mechanisms into which recent studies have now begun to provide insight. This emerging body of work points to chemical modification of RNPs at the RNA or protein level and ATP-dependent RNP remodeling by RNA helicases/RNA-dependent ATPases as central events that dictate RNA fate.

Peer influence predicts speeding prevalence among teenage drivers.

Impact On Industry: Preventing speed-related crashes could reduce costs and improve efficiency in the transportation industry.

Objective: This research examined the psychosocial and personality predictors of observed speeding among young drivers.

Method: Survey and driving data were collected from 42 newly-licensed teenage drivers during the first 18months of licensure.