Quality assessment and response to less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) without sedation.

Background: Although sedative premedication for endotracheal intubation is considered standard of care, less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is often performed without sedative premedication. The aim of this study was to assess success rates, technical quality and vital parameters in LISA without sedative premedication.

Methods: Prospective observational study in 86 neonates <32 weeks' gestation.