The control of upright stance in young, elderly and persons with Parkinson's disease.

The aims of the present study are twofold: (1) to compare the postural control mechanisms of young and elderly people as well as in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients during quiet standing and (2) to assess the impact of a stooped posture on these mechanisms. All subjects were required to maintain both a side-by-side and a 45 degrees foot position. Elderly subjects performed a third condition where they were requested to mimic the stooped posture as adopted by PD subjects.

Can functional electric stimulation-assisted rowing reproduce a race-winning rowing stroke?

Objective: To compare the ergometer rowing technique of a person with spinal cord injury (SCI), using functional electric stimulation (FES) of his leg muscles, with that of a well-defined group of able-bodied rowers.

Design: Whole-body kinematics and kinetics and electric activity of selected muscles were measured during ergometer rowing.

Setting: A hospital-based motion analysis laboratory.