Reproductive Outcomes in Rhesus Macaques () with Naturally-acquired Infection.

Chagas disease is a zoonotic vector-borne disease caused by infection with the protozoan parasite is found in Latin America and the Southern United States, where it infects many species, including humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs). NHPs are susceptible to natural infection and can develop clinical symptoms consistent with human disease, including Chagasic cardiomyopathy, gastrointestinal disease and transplacental transmission, leading to congenital infection. Due to evidence of Chagas transmission in Texas, this study hypothesized infection was present in a closed, outdoor-housed breeding colony of rhesus macaques () located at a biomedical research facility in Central Texas.

Photoresponsivity and motility in the planarian vary diurnally.

The planarian flatworm has become one of the leading animal model systems for studying stem cell behavior and tissue regeneration. Recent studies have shown that components of the circadian clockwork have important roles in tissue homeostasis and repair. However, it remains unknown whether planarians exhibit circadian or diurnal rhythms in physiology or behavior.

Effects of Extruded Compared with Pelleted Diets on Laboratory Mice Housed in Individually Ventilated Cages and the Cage Environment.

The physical form of the diet fed to laboratory animals should be evaluated to reduce experimental variations and confoundingfactors. This 14-d study evaluated the effects of diet form (pelleted or extruded) on intracage ammonia concentrations,feed disappearance, body weight, cage weight, and the degree of cage soilage and whether these effects were influenced bystrain or stock or sex. Mice (C57BL/6, ICR, and nude; age, 4 wk) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups representingpelleted and extruded diets from each of 2 vendors (pelleted diet groups, P1 and P2; extruded diet groups, E1 and E2).

Efficacy of ONC201 in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor.

Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) is a rare sarcoma tumor of adolescence and young adulthood, which harbors a recurrent chromosomal translocation between the Ewing's sarcoma gene (EWSR1) and the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1). Patients usually develop multiple abdominal tumors with liver and lymph node metastasis developing later. Survival is poor using a multimodal therapy that includes chemotherapy, radiation and surgical resection, new therapies are needed for better management of DSRCT.

Single oral dose acute and subacute toxicity of a c-MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor and CDK 4/6 inhibitor combination drug therapy.

c-MET inhibitor, crizotinib, and CDK 4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, have been evaluated in combination as cancer treatment in vitro. Because the toxicological data for the combination of these drugs is limited, we investigated the toxicity of the crizotinib and palbociclib combination in 80 ICR (CD-1) mice (average age = ~20 weeks). Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial and included sex (female vs.

Anesthetic and Postanesthetic Effects of Alfaxalone-Butorphanol Compared with Dexmedetomidine-Ketamine in Chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera).

Effective and safe anesthetic protocols are required for a variety of surgical and diagnostic procedures in chinchillas. Alfaxalone, a new anesthetic agent in the United States, can be administered intramuscularly and subcutaneously and is therefore potentially useful as an anesthetic induction agent in chinchillas. This study compared the anesthetic efficacy and postanesthetic effects on food intake and fecal output of a combination of intramuscular alfaxalone (5 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.

Effect of Enrichment Devices on Aggression in Manipulated Nude Mice.

Agonistic behavior in group-housed male mice is a recurring problem in many animal research facilities. Common management procedures, such as the removal of aggressors, are moderately successful but often fail, owing to recurrence of aggressive behavior among cagemates. Studies have incorporated enrichment devices to attenuate aggression, but such devices have had mixed results.

Prevention of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy through activation of the central cannabinoid type 2 receptor system.

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a major dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapy, especially after multiple courses of paclitaxel. The development of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy is associated with the activation of microglia followed by the activation and proliferation of astrocytes, and the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines in the spinal dorsal horn. Cannabinoid type 2 (CB(2)) receptors are expressed in the microglia in neurodegenerative disease models.

Adoptive T-cell therapy improves treatment of canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma post chemotherapy.

Clinical observations reveal that an augmented pace of T-cell recovery after chemotherapy correlates with improved tumor-free survival, suggesting the add-back of T cells after chemotherapy may improve outcomes. To evaluate adoptive immunotherapy treatment for B-lineage non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), we expanded T cells from client-owned canines diagnosed with NHL on artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) in the presence of human interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-21. Graded doses of autologous T cells were infused after CHOP chemotherapy and persisted for 49 days, homed to tumor, and significantly improved survival.

Training veterinary care technicians and husbandry staff improves animal care.

Our animal care facility has always relied on an animal health team consisting of veterinarians, veterinary care technicians, and husbandry staff to provide a high level of animal care. As our rodent population increased, it became necessary to modify the roles and responsibilities of these staff members to accommodate the program's expansion. To accomplish that modification, we developed a training program that focused primarily on technicians by using a case-management algorithm.

A butyrophilin family member critically inhibits T cell activation.

The costimulatory molecules in the B7-CD28 families are important in the regulation of T cell activation and tolerance. The butyrophilin family of proteins shares sequence and structure homology with B7 family molecules; however, the function of the butyrophilin family in the immune system has not been defined. In this study, we performed an analysis on multiple butyrophilin molecules and found that butyrophilin-like (BTNL)1 molecule functions to dampen T cell activation.

Effective drug delivery, in vitro and in vivo, by carbon-based nanovectors noncovalently loaded with unmodified Paclitaxel.

Many new drugs have low aqueous solubility and high therapeutic efficacy. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a classic example of this type of compound. Here we show that extremely small (<40 nm) hydrophilic carbon clusters (HCCs) that are PEGylated (PEG-HCCs) are effective drug delivery vehicles when simply mixed with paclitaxel.

Pharmacological characterization of a novel cannabinoid ligand, MDA19, for treatment of neuropathic pain.

Background: Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonists have recently gained attention as potential therapeutic targets in the management of neuropathic pain. In this study, we characterized the pharmacological profile of the novel compound N'-[(3Z)-1-(1-hexyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene]benzohydrazide (MDA19), a CB2 agonist.

Methods: We used radioligand binding assays and multiple in vitro functional assays at human and rat CB(1) and CB(2) receptors.

CCR6 regulates the migration of inflammatory and regulatory T cells.

Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells play opposite roles in autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying their proper migration to inflammatory tissues are unclear. In this study, we report that these two T cell subsets both express CCR6.

Noise produced by vacuuming exceeds the hearing thresholds of C57Bl/6 and CD1 mice.

Daily vacuuming of floors and flat-shelf racks is a standard procedure in our rodent housing rooms. To determine whether the noise produced by this activity is a potential stressor to animals used for transgenic and knockout mouse production, we measured the sound levels in our genetically engineered mouse facility under ambient conditions and at the in-cage and room levels during vacuuming. Spectral analysis showed that vacuuming produces a multitonal, low-frequency noise that is not attenuated by microisolation caging with bedding material.

Use of the i-STAT portable clinical analyzer in mice.

The use of portable chemistry analyzers is an attractive option for obtaining clinical pathology panels in mice, because these analyzers require only small volumes of whole blood. However, in studies with other animals, portable analyzers do not always agree with results obtained using standard laboratory equipment. The authors evaluated the use of the i-STAT handheld portable clinical analyzer compared to the use of standard nonportable laboratory instruments in mice.