Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Thresholds for Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: Morbidity Survival Tree Analysis.

Background: There are no diagnosis-specific guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) for coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to identify thresholds of MVPA and SB associated with cardiovascular events.

Methods: This cohort study included individuals with CHD.

Dose-Response Independent and Joint Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Mortality Risk in 40 156 Australian Adults With Coronary Heart Disease.

Background: Little is known about the relationship between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with death in people with coronary heart disease. The aim was to examine the independent and joint associations of PA and SB with death.

Methods And Results: This is a prospective cohort study including Australian participants aged ≥45 years with self-reported coronary heart disease (2006-2020).

Reliability assessment of the 'field audit for children's active transport routes to school' (FACTS) tool.

Background: Children's active travel to school is associated with physical activity and thus health. Safe Routes to School (SR2S) programs identify 'safe routes' to promote children's active travel to school. No field audit tool exists specifically to assess the microscale built environment of these 'safe routes' within Australia.

Does Technology Have a Place in the Art and Science of Oncology Nursing?

Oncology nurses establish relationships with patients from diagnosis through the trajectory of their treatment, survivorship, and sometimes death. We convey empathy, support, and advocacy throughout the course of the disease.

Activity counseling early postelective percutaneous coronary intervention (ACE-PCI): Mixed-methods pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Physical activity (PA) levels of people with coronary heart disease are low in the first 30 days after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), increasing the risk of recurrent cardiac events. Following PCI, PA counseling delivered by a physiotherapist before discharge may increase the PA levels of patients. Preliminary work is required to determine the effects of the counseling session compared to usual care.

Value of an Integrated Home Dialysis Model in the United Kingdom: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the lifetime cost-effectiveness of increasing home hemodialysis as a treatment option for patients experiencing peritoneal dialysis technique failure compared with the current standard of care.

Methods: A Markov model was developed to assess the lifetime costs, quality-adjusted life-years, and cost-effectiveness of increasing the usage an integrated home dialysis model compared with the current patient pathways in the United Kingdom. A secondary analysis was conducted including only the cost difference in treatments, minimizing the impact of the high cost of dialysis during life-years gained.

Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and body size in Australia's capital cities: The contribution of obesogenic environments.

Residents of socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods have higher rates of overweight and obesity and chronic disease than their counterparts from advantaged neighbourhoods. This study assessed whether associations between neighbourhood disadvantage and measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, are accounted for by obesogenic environments (i.e.

"Out and proud…. in all your shaking glory" the wellbeing impact of a dance program with public dance performance for people with Parkinson's disease: a qualitative study.

Purpose: To explore if and how Parkinson's disease dance class participation and public performance contributes to perceptions of wellbeing.

Materials And Methods: A qualitative design using audio-recorded one-on-one semi-structured interviews with five class participants and three teachers/volunteers from two metropolitan Dance for Wellbeing class locations. Data were inductively thematically analysed by three researchers.

Is It Time to Stop the War on Cancer?

Recently, a friend, colleague, and mentor died from cancer. Before her passing, we had a lovely visit for which I will be eternally grateful.

Changing Primary School Children's Engagement in Active School Travel Using Safe Routes to School Interventions: A Rapid Realist Review.

Safe Routes to School (SR2S) interventions have been implemented in many economically developed countries to improve children's engagement in Active School Travel (AST). Evaluations have highlighted inconsistencies in SR2S intervention outcomes, raising questions as to how, why, and under what contextual conditions these interventions work. This review used a Rapid Realist Review (RRR) methodology to build, test, and refine an overarching program theory that unpicks the contextual factors and underlying mechanisms influencing children's engagement in AST.

Residential Area Sociodemographic and Breast Cancer Screening Venue Location Built Environmental Features Associated with Women's Use of Closest Venue in Greater Sydney, Australia.

Understanding environmental predictors of women's use of closest breast screening venue versus other site(s) may assist optimal venue placement. This study assessed relationships between residential-area sociodemographic measures, venue location features, and women's use of closest versus other venues. Data of 320,672 Greater Sydney screening attendees were spatially joined to residential state suburbs (SSCs) ( = 799).

The conflict between Public Health and 'Big Food': A Counterinsurgency?

This commentary characterises as an insurgency those elements of the Food Industry seeking to retain and expand industry profit-making opportunity with scant regard to the effect on public health and wellbeing. Premised on a conflict in which the battlespace encompasses the drivers of (un)healthful behaviour, our view encourages opponents of Food Industry methods to consider an approach based on analogy of successful Counter-Insurgency strategies to a health promotion context.

Associations between breast cancer screening participation and residential area sociodemographic features, geographic accessibility, and features of screening venue location in Greater Sydney, Australia.

Breast cancer screening (BCS) participation rates are often suboptimal and vary geographically. Environmental features may influence BCS participation, but few studies have assessed this relationship. This study assessed the associations between BCS participation, residential area sociodemographic characteristics, distance to BCS venue, and venue location attributes.

Residential area and screening venue location features associated with spatial variation in breast cancer screening invitation response rates: an observational study in Greater Sydney, Australia.

Objectives: Participation in breast cancer screening (BCS) varies at the small-area level, which may reflect environmental influences. This study assessed small-area variation in BCS invitation response rates (IRRs) and associations between small-area BCS IRR, sociodemographic factors, BCS venue distance and venue location features in Greater Sydney, Australia.

Methods: BCS IRR data for 2011-2012 were compiled for 9528 Australian Bureau of Statistics Statistical Area Level 1 (SA1) units (n=227 474 women).

Associations between supermarket availability and body size in Australia: a cross-sectional observational study comparing state and territory capital cities.

Background: Residential environment features such as availability of supermarkets may shape dietary behaviour and thus overweight and obesity. This relationship may not be consistent between cities. This Australian national-level study examined: 1) the relationship between supermarket availability and body size; and 2) whether this relationship varied by capital city.

Associations between area socioeconomic status, individual mental health, physical activity, diet and change in cardiometabolic risk amongst a cohort of Australian adults: A longitudinal path analysis.

Presumed pathways from environments to cardiometabolic risk largely implicate health behaviour although mental health may play a role. Few studies assess relationships between these factors. This study estimated associations between area socioeconomic status (SES), mental health, diet, physical activity, and 10-year change in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), comparing two proposed path structures: 1) mental health and behaviour functioning as parallel mediators between area SES and HbA1c; and 2) a sequential structure where mental health influences behaviour and consequently HbA1c.

Contributions of Multiple Built Environment Features to 10-Year Change in Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in a South Australian Middle-Aged Cohort.

Residential areas may shape health, yet few studies are longitudinal or concurrently test relationships between multiple residential features and health. This longitudinal study concurrently assessed the contributions of multiple environmental features to 10-year change in clinically measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Longitudinal data for adults (18+ years of age, n = 2253) from the north-west of Adelaide, Australia were linked to built environment measures representing the physical activity and food environment (expressed for residence-based 1600 m road-network buffers) and area education.

Are changes in depressive symptoms, general health and residential area socio-economic status associated with trajectories of waist circumference and body mass index?

Objective: This study sought to assess whether changes in depressive symptoms, general health, and area-level socio-economic status (SES) were associated to changes over time in waist circumference and body mass index (BMI).

Methods: A total of 2871 adults (18 years or older), living in Adelaide (South Australia), were observed across three waves of data collection spanning ten years, with clinical measures of waist circumference, height and weight. Participants completed the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) and Short Form 36 health questionnaires (SF-36 general health domain).

Climatic and community sociodemographic factors associated with remote Indigenous Australian smoking rates: an ecological study of health audit data.

Unlabelled: Australian Indigenous smoking rates are highest in remote communities but likely vary between communities; few studies have assessed community features in relation to Indigenous smoking rates.

Design And Objective: This ecological study evaluated the associations between smoking rates, and community sociodemographic and climatic characteristics for a large sample of remote Indigenous communities.

Setting And Sample: Records (n=2689) from an audit of community health centres in the Northern Territory and Queensland were used to estimate smoking rates dichotomised at the median for 70 predominantly Indigenous remote communities.

Associations between local descriptive norms for overweight/obesity and insufficient fruit intake, individual-level diet, and 10-year change in body mass index and glycosylated haemoglobin in an Australian cohort.

Background: Descriptive norms (what other people do) relate to individual-level dietary behaviour and health outcome including overweight and obesity. Descriptive norms vary across residential areas but the impact of spatial variation in norms on individual-level diet and health is poorly understood. This study assessed spatial associations between local descriptive norms for overweight/obesity and insufficient fruit intake (spatially-specific local prevalence), and individual-level dietary intakes (fruit, vegetable and sugary drinks) and 10-year change in body mass index (BMI) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA).

Does Physical Activity Mediate the Associations Between Local-Area Descriptive Norms, Built Environment Walkability, and Glycosylated Hemoglobin?

Associations between local-area residential features and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA) may be mediated by individual-level health behaviors. Such indirect effects have rarely been tested. This study assessed whether individual-level self-reported physical activity mediated the influence of local-area descriptive norms and objectively expressed walkability on 10-year change in HbA.

Local descriptive body weight and dietary norms, food availability, and 10-year change in glycosylated haemoglobin in an Australian population-based biomedical cohort.

Background: Individual-level health outcomes are shaped by environmental risk conditions. Norms figure prominently in socio-behavioural theories yet spatial variations in health-related norms have rarely been investigated as environmental risk conditions. This study assessed: 1) the contributions of local descriptive norms for overweight/obesity and dietary behaviour to 10-year change in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA), accounting for food resource availability; and 2) whether associations between local descriptive norms and HbA were moderated by food resource availability.

Local descriptive norms for overweight/obesity and physical inactivity, features of the built environment, and 10-year change in glycosylated haemoglobin in an Australian population-based biomedical cohort.

Descriptive norms vary between places. Spatial variation in health-related descriptive norms may predict individual-level health outcomes. Such relationships have rarely been investigated.

Regional Differences in Correlates of Daily Walking among Middle Age and Older Australian Rural Adults: Implications for Health Promotion.

Rural Australians are less physically active than their metropolitan counterparts, and yet very little is known of the candidate intervention targets for promoting physical activity in rural populations. As rural regions are economically, socially and environmentally diverse, drivers of regular physical activity are likely to vary between regions. This study explored the region-specific correlates of daily walking among middle age and older adults in rural regions with contrasting dominant primary industries.

Validation of continuous clinical indices of cardiometabolic risk in a cohort of Australian adults.

Background: Indicators of cardiometabolic risk typically include non-clinical factors (e.g., smoking).